Exam 4: Renal Flashcards
what supplies the kidney with blood?
renal artery
what is the blood supply for the convoluted tubules?
peritubular capillaries
which limb of the loop of Henle allows sodium to leave?
ascending
what regulates GFR?
sympathetic nervous system and kidneys
what is not able to pass through the filter of the glomerulus?
blood cells and plasma proteins
what is the response of the afferent arteriole if the GFR is low?
dilate the AA
which cells produce renin?
juxtaglomerular cells
what does dilating the afferent arteriole achieve?
increased blood volume
by what process does secretion occur?
active transport
this hormone is stimulated when plasma osmolarity is high
ADH
these muscles surround the urethra
sphincters
what does filtration require?
filter and pressure
which hormone affects the permeability of the collecting duct of the renal tubule?
ADH
what is the average GFR of a 70kg person?
125 ml/min
in a case of increased BP or osmolarity, what is the GFR?
GFR is high
what is the response of the body to high osmolarity?
increase ADH, ANF, decrease aldosterone
chemical from garlic/artichokes that should be completely excreted
inulin
this hormone is stimulated when blood volume is too high
ANF
what does it mean if 100% of inulin is not excreted?
GFR is too slow
what are the 2 parts of a nephron?
glomerulus and renal tubule
by what process are nutrients reabsorbed?
active transport
what is able to pass through the filter of the glomerulus?
water and solutes
when is renin released?
when BP is low
what is the pressure called in the capillaries?
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
forms a filtrate from blood that is free of cells and proteins
glomerulus
this hormone makes the collecting ducts more permeable to water, resulting in more water reabsorption
ADH
which limb of the loop of Henle allows water to leave?
descending
these smooth muscles line the wall of the urinary bladder and are innervated by parasympathetic neurons
detrusor muscles
where is filtration pressure highest?
in the capillaries
when a substance moves from the tubule back into the peritubular capillaries
tubular reabsorption
how does the sympathetic nervous system regulate GFR?
decreases blood flow to the kidneys
a measure of how quickly a substance is removed from the blood
clearance
volume of filtrate formed per minute
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
what releases ADH?
posterior pituitary
where does the counter current mechanism occur?
loop of Henle
If H+ is secreted, what is saved/reabsorbed?
K+
when a substance moves from the peritubular capillaries to the tubule
tubular secretion
what are the 3 steps to urine formation?
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
makes urine by altering the blood volume and composition
nephron
filtration rate + secretion rate - reabsorption rate
excretion rate
where are receptors for plasma osmolarity?
hypothalamus
where is the main site of secretion?
distal convoluted tubule
what brings blood to the glomerulus?
afferent arteriole
under what type of innervation is the micturition reflex?
parasympathetic
this hormone causes loss of water and Na+
ANF
what is the response of the afferent arteriole if the GFR is high?
constrict the AA
if you save Na+ (with Aldosterone), what will be lost?
K+
functional unit in the kidney
nephron
takes filtrate and adds or removes substances
renal tubule
what does vasoconstriction or vasodilation of afferent arterioles do?
changes filtration rate
in a case of decreased BP or osmolarity, what is the GFR?
GFR is low
what is the response of the body to low osmolarity?
increase aldosterone, decrease ADH
at what point can filtrate be called urine?
when it’s past the collecting ducts
what empties the glomerulus of blood?
efferent arteriole
where does the majority of tubular reabsorption take place?
proximal convoluted tubule
what is GFR directly proportional to?
membrane permeability and surface area
