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Physiology 2232 > Exam 2: Objectives 34-42 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Objectives 34-42 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

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2
Q

which gland secretes calcitonin?

A

thyroid gland

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3
Q

where are the cell bodies and dendrites for the posterior pituitary?

A

in the hypothalamus

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4
Q

which organ synthesizes water soluble hormones?

A

liver

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5
Q

what type of receptor detects glucose levels?

A

chemoreceptor

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6
Q

which gland secretes melatonin?

A

pineal gland

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7
Q

what connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus (thin stalk)?

A

infundibulum

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8
Q

which part of the pituitary secretes hypothalamic hormones (doesn’t produce its own)?

A

posterior pituitary

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9
Q

increases secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

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10
Q

which type of hormone readily dissolves in plasma, has a faster response time, and is easily transported?

A

water-soluble hormones

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11
Q

regulates mammary growth and breast milk production

A

prolactin

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12
Q

this hormone is released in response to decreased blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid hormone

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13
Q

in what form are fatty acids stored?

A

triglycerides

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14
Q

which hormone regulates metabolic rate?

A

thyroid hormone

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15
Q

which hormone regulates chronic stress adaptation?

A

cortisol

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16
Q

which is the larger part of the pituitary gland?

A

anterior pituitary

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17
Q

regulates release of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

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18
Q

small clusters of endocrine cells scattered among exocrine cells in pancreas

A

pancreatic islet cells

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19
Q

exocrine cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes

A

pancreatic acini

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20
Q

which part of the adrenal glands synthesizes glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineral corticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids (testosterone/estrogen)?

A

adrenal cortex

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21
Q

this hormone works against parathyroid hormone to decrease blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

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22
Q

which hormone regulates tissue growth and maintenance?

A

growth hormone

23
Q

which hormones of the anterior pituitary is stimulated by GnRH of the hypothalamus?

A

FSH/LH

24
Q

which is the portal/venous part of the pituitary gland?

A

anterior pituitary

25
Q

interaction type: activity of one hormone opposing effects of another hormone

A

antagonistic interaction

26
Q

regulate hormone synthesis by the gonads; production and maturation of gametes

A

follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

27
Q

increases secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

28
Q

what are the 2 types of stimulation caused by local hormones?

A

autocrine and paracrine

29
Q

which pancreatic islet cells secrete insulin?

A

beta cells

30
Q

what inhibits growth hormone?

A

somatostatin

31
Q

axons extending from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

A

hypothalmo-hypophyseal tract

32
Q

which hormone regulates reproductive function, milk production?

A

prolactin

33
Q

which pancreatic islet cells secrete glucagon?

A

alpha cells

34
Q

what are the 6 hormones produced in the anterior pituitary?

A

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) LH (luteinizing hormone) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) PRL (prolactin) GH (growth hormone)

35
Q

which is the neural part of the pituitary gland?

A

posterior pituitary

36
Q

which hormone conserves sodium in the body (excrete less sodium to increase plasma osmolarity)?

A

aldosterone

37
Q

what structure directly controls hormone release from the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

which 3 hormones stimulate prolactin?

A

TRH, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), oxytocin

39
Q

interaction type: activity of one hormone requiring second hormone

A

permissive interaction

40
Q

excessive growth hormone production in adult; increased release of glucose; loss of feedback control of GH

A

acromegaly

41
Q

interaction type: activity of one hormone reinforcing activity of another hormone

A

synergistic interaction

42
Q

increases secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

43
Q

hormone type: lipid-soluble, formed from cholesterol, produced by gonads and adrenal cortex

A

steroid hormones

44
Q

what is the flow of hormone release in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?

A

hypothalamus: corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) anterior pituitary: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) adrenal cortex: cortisol

45
Q

hormone type: water-soluble, derived from amino acid that is modified

A

biogenic amine

46
Q

which cells are destroyed in someone who has type 1 diabetes?

A

beta cells

47
Q

which part of the adrenal glands releases epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

adrenal medulla

48
Q

which type of hormone doesn’t readily dissolve, has a slower response time, and requires carrier molecules for transport?

A

lipid-soluble hormones

49
Q

what is another name for dopamine?

A

prolactin-inhibiting hormone

50
Q

large group of signaling molecules that do not circulate within the blood; released from the cells that produce them

A

local hormones

51
Q

stimulates adrenal cortex to produce and secrete glucocorticoids

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

52
Q

hormone type: water-soluble, consists of amino acid chains ex: insulin

A

protein hormones

53
Q

stimulates cell growth and division

A

growth hormone

54
Q

this type of hormone increases nutrient levels in the blood and attempts to resist stress and repair injured tissue

A

glucocorticoids

Physiology 2232 (17 decks)

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