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Physiology 2232 > Exam 3: Objectives 48-51 > Flashcards

Exam 3: Objectives 48-51 Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to blood flow during static exercise?

A

it’s reduced to the working muscle: vasoconstriction, increased resistance

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2
Q

what happens to blood flow during dynamic exercise?

A

it’s increased to the working muscles: vasodilation, decreased resistance

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3
Q

the last sound heard while cuff is being deflated

A

diastolic BP

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4
Q

what are the 3 variables that regulate stroke volume?

A

venous return, contractility, resistance

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5
Q

what are the afferent components of blood pressure regulation?

A

proprioceptors, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

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6
Q

how can you regulate BP?

A

change CO, resistance, blood volume

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7
Q

where is blood pressure highest?

A

aorta and systemic arteries

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8
Q

what is the effect of positive chronotropic agents on HR?

A

increases HR

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9
Q

resistance in arteries to ejection of blood

A

afterload

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10
Q

what receptors receive the norepi and epi released by the sympathetic nervous system?

A

beta adrenergic on atria and ventricles

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11
Q

what regulates the firing of the SA node (and heart rate altogether)?

A

cardiovascular center of the medulla oblongata

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12
Q

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to decrease HR?

A

releases ACh via Vagus nerve

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13
Q

what are the 3 factors that affect peripheral resistance?

A

vessel radius, vessel length, blood viscosity

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14
Q

volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (preload)

A

venous return

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15
Q

what is mean arterial pressure?

A

diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure

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16
Q

volume of blood pumped out each minute by the left ventricle

A

cardiac output

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17
Q

substances that act on the myocardium to alter its contractility

A

inotropic agents

18
Q

what receptors receive ACh released by the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

muscarinic on atria

19
Q

first sound heard through stethoscope after blood flow has been stopped by inflated cuff

A

systolic BP

20
Q

what are the efferent components of blood pressure regulation?

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, vasomotor tone

21
Q

how does ADH affect BP?

A

increases blood volume

22
Q

sends impulses to arterioles throughout the body producing moderate vasoconstriction

A

vasomotor tone

23
Q

where is blood pressure lowest?

A

as it returns to the right atrium

24
Q

what factor influences peripheral resistance the most?

A

vessel radius

25
Q

which 2 parts of the brain regulate blood pressure and flow?

A

medullary cardiovascular center and hypothalamus

26
Q

what are the 4 hormones that raise BP?

A

aldosterone, norepi and epi, antidiuretic hormone

27
Q

what are the effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway?

A

vasoconstriction and aldosterone (Na, H20, BV all increase)

28
Q

what is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway?

A

BP goes down > renin released from kidneys > Angiotensin I converted to Angiotensin II by ACE

29
Q

what does the sympathetic nervous system do to increase HR?

A

releases norepinephrine and epinephrine

30
Q

principle that states that the more blood there is in the ventricles, the more contraction strength there will be

A

Frank Starling’s Law

31
Q

which hormone lowers BP?

A

atrial natriuretic peptide/factor

32
Q

what is average cardiac output?

A

5,000 mL/min

33
Q

measure of the level of exercise an individual can pursue above rest level

A

cardiac reserve

34
Q

what is the equation for cardiac output?

A

CO = Stroke volume x heart rate

35
Q

how does ANF/ANP affect BP?

A

reduces blood volume

36
Q

where do you place the sphygmomanometer?

A

over the brachial artery

37
Q

frictional resistance in the arteries; inversely related to stroke volume

A

total peripheral resistance (afterload)

38
Q

what is pulse pressure?

A

systolic BP - diastolic BP

39
Q

what are the effects of norepi and epi on the cardiovascular system?

A

increase HR, vasoconstriction

40
Q

what is the equation for blood pressure?

A

BP = CO x Resistance

41
Q

140 or greater systolic BP; 90 or greater diastolic BP

A

hypertension

Physiology 2232 (17 decks)

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