Exam 2: Objectives 43-51

Question 1

this structure allows the atria to contract, then the ventricles

Answer 1

fibrous skeleton

Question 2

where do purkinje fibers take the conduction pathway?

Answer 2

out to the ventricular walls

Question 3

which valve is between the right atrium and ventricle?

Answer 3

tricuspid

Question 4

which valves close to create the “lub” sound?

Answer 4

atrioventricular valves

Question 5

ventricles can’t pump blood, and person dies without CPR and/or electrical defibrillation to reset heart rhythm

Answer 5

ventricular fibrillation

Question 6

at what point in the conduction pathway does the signal pass through the fibrous skeleton to go to the ventricles?

Answer 6

AV bundle

Question 7

atrial muscles cannot effectively contract, reducing cardiac output by 15%; AV node can’t keep pace with speed of contractions; associated with risk of stroke and heart failure

Answer 7

atrial fibrillation

Question 8

decreased blood flow to myocardium; potentially reversible

Answer 8

ischemia

Question 9

this part of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization, occurring just before the ventricles start to relax

Answer 9

T wave

Question 10

which valves close on the onset of isovolumic contraction (beginning of ventricular systole)?

Answer 10

AV valves

Question 11

interval on ECG: if this segment is elevated, it indicates ischemia

Answer 11

ST segment

Question 12

which valves open for ventricular systole? which close?

Answer 12

semilunar open; atrioventricular close

Question 13

found at cell-to-cell junctions, link cardiac cells mechanically and electrically, contain desmosomes and gap junctions

Answer 13

intercalated discs

Question 14

which valve is between left ventricle and aorta?

Answer 14

aortic semilunar

Question 15

interval on ECG: if longer, indicates hypocalcemia; if shorter, indicates hypercalcemia

Answer 15

QT interval

Question 16

which valve is between right ventricle and pulmonary truck?

Answer 16

pulmonary semilunar

Question 17

this part of the ECG represents atrial repolarization (which causes contraction)

Answer 17

P wave

Question 18

damage to AV node: PR interval exceeds 0.2 seconds

Answer 18

1st degree

Question 19

when the SA node fails, the ________ can take over, conducting about 50bpm

Answer 19

AV node

Question 20

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. early ventricular diastole?

Answer 20

isovolumic relaxation

Question 21

abnormal heart sounds produced by abnormal blood flow through the heart

Answer 21

heart murmur

Question 22

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. early ventricular systole?

Answer 22

isovolumic contraction

Question 23

which valve is between the left atrium and ventricle?

Answer 23

bicuspid (mitral)

Question 24

what electrically separates the atria from the ventricles?

Answer 24

fibrous skeleton

Question 25

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. late ventricular diastole?

Answer 25

passive filling

Question 26

during this part of the ECG, the ventricles repolarize and begin to contract. this is also when atrial repolarization happens

Answer 26

QRS complex

Question 27

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. late ventricular systole?

Answer 27

ejection

Question 28

damage to AV node: no stimulation gets through. a pacemaker in the purkinje fibers takes over, but this is slow (20-40bpm)

Answer 28

3rd degree

Question 29

contraction of a heart chamber

Answer 29

systole

Question 30

which chambers of the heart pump blood to the body?

Answer 30

inferior chambers

Question 31

what structures carry blood back to the heart from the lungs?

Answer 31

pulmonary veins

Question 32

protein pores between sarcolemma of adjacent cells; how chamber functions as single unit

Answer 32

gap junctions

Question 33

what does a deep and wide Q wave indicate on an ECG?

Answer 33

previous infarction (irreversible)

Question 34

which valves open for ventricular diastole? which close?

Answer 34

atrioventricular open; semilunar close

Question 35

interval on ECG that indicates AV nodal block (if it's long)

Answer 35

PR interval

Question 36

which large veins return blood to the heart?

Answer 36

superior and inferior vena cavae

Question 37

which artery pumps blood to body tissues?

Answer 37

aorta

Question 38

what structures carry blood to the lungs?

Answer 38

pulmonary arteries

Question 39

uncoordinated pumping between the atria and ventricles

Answer 39

fibrillation

Question 40

which chambers of the heart receive blood from the body?

Answer 40

superior chambers

Question 41

which valves close on the onset isovolumic relaxation (beginning of ventricular diastole)?

Answer 41

semilunar valves

Question 42

damage to AV node: not every electrical wave can pass to ventricles; PR interval keeps increasing, then failure to get a QRS ventricular contraction

Answer 42

2nd degree

Question 43

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. active filling?

Answer 43

atrial systole

Question 44

relaxation of a heart chamber

Answer 44

diastole

Question 45

which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

Answer 45

left

Question 46

which valves close at the end of isovolumetric contraction?

Answer 46

semilunar

Question 47

when the ________ takes over for the SA node, it supplies inadequate blood to the brain

Answer 47

AV bundle

Question 48

located on internal surface of sarcolemma; prevent cardiac muscles from pulling apart

Answer 48

desmosomes

Question 49

which valves close to create the "dub" sound?

Answer 49

semilunar valves

Question 50

what does the AV bundle branch into?

Answer 50

purkinje fibers

Question 51

where is the SA node?

Answer 51

upper right atrium

Question 52

which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange?

Answer 52

right

Question 53

When do the AV valves open?

Answer 53

end of isovolumic relaxation. beginning of ventricular diastole

Question 54

When do the AV valves close?

Answer 54

beginning of isovolumic contraction. end of atrial systole.

Question 55

when do the semilunar valves open?

Answer 55

end of isovolumic contraction. beginning of ejection

Question 56

when do the semilunar valves close?

Answer 56

beginning of isovolumic relaxation. end of ejection.

Question 57

during isovolumic contraction, what is happening to ventricular pressure?

Answer 57

it's increasing

Question 58

during isovolumic relaxation, what is happening to ventricular pressure?

Answer 58

it's decreasing