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Physiology 2232 > Exam 2: Objectives 43-51 > Flashcards

Exam 2: Objectives 43-51 Flashcards

1
Q

this structure allows the atria to contract, then the ventricles

A

fibrous skeleton

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2
Q

where do purkinje fibers take the conduction pathway?

A

out to the ventricular walls

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3
Q

which valve is between the right atrium and ventricle?

A

tricuspid

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4
Q

which valves close to create the “lub” sound?

A

atrioventricular valves

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5
Q

ventricles can’t pump blood, and person dies without CPR and/or electrical defibrillation to reset heart rhythm

A

ventricular fibrillation

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6
Q

at what point in the conduction pathway does the signal pass through the fibrous skeleton to go to the ventricles?

A

AV bundle

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7
Q

atrial muscles cannot effectively contract, reducing cardiac output by 15%; AV node can’t keep pace with speed of contractions; associated with risk of stroke and heart failure

A

atrial fibrillation

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8
Q

decreased blood flow to myocardium; potentially reversible

A

ischemia

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9
Q

this part of the ECG represents ventricular repolarization, occurring just before the ventricles start to relax

A

T wave

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10
Q

which valves close on the onset of isovolumic contraction (beginning of ventricular systole)?

A

AV valves

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11
Q

interval on ECG: if this segment is elevated, it indicates ischemia

A

ST segment

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12
Q

which valves open for ventricular systole? which close?

A

semilunar open; atrioventricular close

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13
Q

found at cell-to-cell junctions, link cardiac cells mechanically and electrically, contain desmosomes and gap junctions

A

intercalated discs

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14
Q

which valve is between left ventricle and aorta?

A

aortic semilunar

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15
Q

interval on ECG: if longer, indicates hypocalcemia; if shorter, indicates hypercalcemia

A

QT interval

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16
Q

which valve is between right ventricle and pulmonary truck?

A

pulmonary semilunar

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17
Q

this part of the ECG represents atrial repolarization (which causes contraction)

A

P wave

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18
Q

damage to AV node: PR interval exceeds 0.2 seconds

A

1st degree

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19
Q

when the SA node fails, the ________ can take over, conducting about 50bpm

A

AV node

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20
Q

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. early ventricular diastole?

A

isovolumic relaxation

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21
Q

abnormal heart sounds produced by abnormal blood flow through the heart

A

heart murmur

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22
Q

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. early ventricular systole?

A

isovolumic contraction

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23
Q

which valve is between the left atrium and ventricle?

A

bicuspid (mitral)

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24
Q

what electrically separates the atria from the ventricles?

A

fibrous skeleton

25
Q

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. late ventricular diastole?

A

passive filling

26
Q

during this part of the ECG, the ventricles repolarize and begin to contract. this is also when atrial repolarization happens

A

QRS complex

27
Q

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. late ventricular systole?

A

ejection

28
Q

damage to AV node: no stimulation gets through. a pacemaker in the purkinje fibers takes over, but this is slow (20-40bpm)

A

3rd degree

29
Q

contraction of a heart chamber

A

systole

30
Q

which chambers of the heart pump blood to the body?

A

inferior chambers

31
Q

what structures carry blood back to the heart from the lungs?

A

pulmonary veins

32
Q

protein pores between sarcolemma of adjacent cells; how chamber functions as single unit

A

gap junctions

33
Q

what does a deep and wide Q wave indicate on an ECG?

A

previous infarction (irreversible)

34
Q

which valves open for ventricular diastole? which close?

A

atrioventricular open; semilunar close

35
Q

interval on ECG that indicates AV nodal block (if it’s long)

A

PR interval

36
Q

which large veins return blood to the heart?

A

superior and inferior vena cavae

37
Q

which artery pumps blood to body tissues?

A

aorta

38
Q

what structures carry blood to the lungs?

A

pulmonary arteries

39
Q

uncoordinated pumping between the atria and ventricles

A

fibrillation

40
Q

which chambers of the heart receive blood from the body?

A

superior chambers

41
Q

which valves close on the onset isovolumic relaxation (beginning of ventricular diastole)?

A

semilunar valves

42
Q

damage to AV node: not every electrical wave can pass to ventricles; PR interval keeps increasing, then failure to get a QRS ventricular contraction

A

2nd degree

43
Q

which event in the cardiac cycle is a.k.a. active filling?

A

atrial systole

44
Q

relaxation of a heart chamber

A

diastole

45
Q

which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

A

left

46
Q

which valves close at the end of isovolumetric contraction?

A

semilunar

47
Q

when the ________ takes over for the SA node, it supplies inadequate blood to the brain

A

AV bundle

48
Q

located on internal surface of sarcolemma; prevent cardiac muscles from pulling apart

A

desmosomes

49
Q

which valves close to create the “dub” sound?

A

semilunar valves

50
Q

what does the AV bundle branch into?

A

purkinje fibers

51
Q

where is the SA node?

A

upper right atrium

52
Q

which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs for gas exchange?

A

right

53
Q

When do the AV valves open?

A

end of isovolumic relaxation. beginning of ventricular diastole

54
Q

When do the AV valves close?

A

beginning of isovolumic contraction. end of atrial systole.

55
Q

when do the semilunar valves open?

A

end of isovolumic contraction. beginning of ejection

56
Q

when do the semilunar valves close?

A

beginning of isovolumic relaxation. end of ejection.

57
Q

during isovolumic contraction, what is happening to ventricular pressure?

A

it’s increasing

58
Q

during isovolumic relaxation, what is happening to ventricular pressure?

A

it’s decreasing

Physiology 2232 (17 decks)

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