Exam 3: Objectives 52-58 Flashcards
how is the intrinsic blood clotting pathway activated?
exposure to collagen
these blood components have vesicles that release chemicals during hemostasis or the clotting process
platelets
which plasma protein helps transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins?
globulin
how is insoluble fibrin formed?
prothrombinase used to convert prothrombin into thrombin. thrombin used to convert fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
what is the first thing that happens after a blood vessel is damaged?
vasospasm: smooth muscle contracts
what are the 3 steps to platelet plug formation?
adhesion, release action, platelet plug
when repairing damaged endothelium, what do platelets bind to?
collagen
what 3 chemicals do platelets secrete at the site of an injury to recruit more platelets?
ADP, serotonin, thomboxane A2
what is the life span of a RBC?
120 days
plasma minus fibrinogen
serum
what is the most abundant plasma protein?
albumin
what is the pH of arterial blood?
7.35-7.45
blood clot
thrombus
in the extrinsic pathway, what is tissue factor eventually converted into?
prothrombinase
which plasma protein helps with blood clots by forming fibrin?
fibrinogen
granular leukocyte: first responder to bacterial invasion; phagocytosis and lysozyme action
neutrophil
debris transported by the blood stream
embolus
where does hemopoiesis primarily take place?
red bone marrow
what removes platelets when they have served their purpose?
macrophages (spleen/liver)
what is another name for prothrombinase?
active factor Xa
sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured
hemostasis
process by which all the formed elements in the blood develop
hemopoiesis
all cells and cell fragments in blood; 45% of blood volume
formed elements
what is the process called in which clots dissolve?
fibrinolysis
with the intrinsic pathway, damaged cells signal to begin releasing __________ from inside the blood vessel
prothrombinase
what are the 3 granular leukocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
what are the 3 types of plasma proteins?
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
how does the body respond when the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood falls?
kidneys release erythropoietin (EPO) > travels to bone marrow to stimulate RBC formation
granular leukocyte: release enzymes that combat inflammation in allergic reactions; involved in fighting some bacteria and parasites
eosinophil
what holds platelets in place when they are binding?
von willebrand factor
what kind of cell is the precursor to the RBC?
reticulocyte
agranular leukocyte: immune cells such as T and B cells
lymphocytes
leukocytes and platelets only (1% of blood volume)
buffy coat
______________ is incorporated into all clots, which will later be activated into _______ to digest the fibrin threads
plasminogen; plasmin
what 2 ions are needed for both blood clotting pathways?
vitamin K and Ca++
what are the 3 main events that reduce blood loss?
vasoconstriction, platelet plugs, coagulation
what antibodies does type O blood have?
both anti-A and anti-B
percent of total blood volume occupied by RBCs
hematocrit
what are the 2 agranular leukocytes?
lymphocytes and monocytes
when a RBC is recycled, the rest of the heme is converted into biliverdin, urobilin, ________, and ______
bile; bilirubin
what do adjacent, non-damaged endothelial cells release?
prostacylin, nitric oxide
what is the life span of a WBC?
12 hours to years
when a RBC is recycled, what is globin broken down into?
amino acids
agranular leukocyte: can become wandering or fixed macrophages; migrate to site of infection following neutrophils; clean up infection debris
monocytes
how is the extrinsic blood clotting pathway activated?
tissue factor (factor VII)
granular leukocyte: intensifies inflammatory reactions
basophil
condition in which oxygen carrying capacity of the blood falls
hypoxia
platelets contain a very high concentration of ____ and ______, which are stimulated to ______ in aggregated platelets
actin; myosin; contract
RBC is broken down: _________ is removed and travels via _______ to the bone marrow to be recycled back into ________
iron; transferrin; hemoglobin
clotting in an unbroken blood vessel
thrombosis
