Exam 3: Objectives 52-58

Question 1

how is the intrinsic blood clotting pathway activated?

Answer 1

exposure to collagen

Question 2

these blood components have vesicles that release chemicals during hemostasis or the clotting process

Answer 2

platelets

Question 3

which plasma protein helps transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 3

globulin

Question 4

how is insoluble fibrin formed?

Answer 4

prothrombinase used to convert prothrombin into thrombin. thrombin used to convert fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

Question 5

what is the first thing that happens after a blood vessel is damaged?

Answer 5

vasospasm: smooth muscle contracts

Question 6

what are the 3 steps to platelet plug formation?

Answer 6

adhesion, release action, platelet plug

Question 7

when repairing damaged endothelium, what do platelets bind to?

Answer 7

collagen

Question 8

what 3 chemicals do platelets secrete at the site of an injury to recruit more platelets?

Answer 8

ADP, serotonin, thomboxane A2

Question 9

what is the life span of a RBC?

Answer 9

120 days

Question 10

plasma minus fibrinogen

Answer 10

serum

Question 11

what is the most abundant plasma protein?

Answer 11

albumin

Question 12

what is the pH of arterial blood?

Answer 12

7.35-7.45

Question 13

blood clot

Answer 13

thrombus

Question 14

in the extrinsic pathway, what is tissue factor eventually converted into?

Answer 14

prothrombinase

Question 15

which plasma protein helps with blood clots by forming fibrin?

Answer 15

fibrinogen

Question 16

granular leukocyte: first responder to bacterial invasion; phagocytosis and lysozyme action

Answer 16

neutrophil

Question 17

debris transported by the blood stream

Answer 17

embolus

Question 18

where does hemopoiesis primarily take place?

Answer 18

red bone marrow

Question 19

what removes platelets when they have served their purpose?

Answer 19

macrophages (spleen/liver)

Question 20

what is another name for prothrombinase?

Answer 20

active factor Xa

Question 21

sequence of responses that stops bleeding when blood vessels are injured

Answer 21

hemostasis

Question 22

process by which all the formed elements in the blood develop

Answer 22

hemopoiesis

Question 23

all cells and cell fragments in blood; 45% of blood volume

Answer 23

formed elements

Question 24

what is the process called in which clots dissolve?

Answer 24

fibrinolysis

Question 25

with the intrinsic pathway, damaged cells signal to begin releasing __________ from inside the blood vessel

Answer 25

prothrombinase

Question 26

what are the 3 granular leukocytes?

Answer 26

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 27

what are the 3 types of plasma proteins?

Answer 27

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

Question 28

how does the body respond when the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood falls?

Answer 28

kidneys release erythropoietin (EPO) > travels to bone marrow to stimulate RBC formation

Question 29

granular leukocyte: release enzymes that combat inflammation in allergic reactions; involved in fighting some bacteria and parasites

Answer 29

eosinophil

Question 30

what holds platelets in place when they are binding?

Answer 30

von willebrand factor

Question 31

what kind of cell is the precursor to the RBC?

Answer 31

reticulocyte

Question 32

agranular leukocyte: immune cells such as T and B cells

Answer 32

lymphocytes

Question 33

leukocytes and platelets only (1% of blood volume)

Answer 33

buffy coat

Question 34

______________ is incorporated into all clots, which will later be activated into _______ to digest the fibrin threads

Answer 34

plasminogen; plasmin

Question 35

what 2 ions are needed for both blood clotting pathways?

Answer 35

vitamin K and Ca++

Question 36

what are the 3 main events that reduce blood loss?

Answer 36

vasoconstriction, platelet plugs, coagulation

Question 37

what antibodies does type O blood have?

Answer 37

both anti-A and anti-B

Question 38

percent of total blood volume occupied by RBCs

Answer 38

hematocrit

Question 39

what are the 2 agranular leukocytes?

Answer 39

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 40

when a RBC is recycled, the rest of the heme is converted into biliverdin, urobilin, ________, and ______

Answer 40

bile; bilirubin

Question 41

what do adjacent, non-damaged endothelial cells release?

Answer 41

prostacylin, nitric oxide

Question 42

what is the life span of a WBC?

Answer 42

12 hours to years

Question 43

when a RBC is recycled, what is globin broken down into?

Answer 43

amino acids

Question 44

agranular leukocyte: can become wandering or fixed macrophages; migrate to site of infection following neutrophils; clean up infection debris

Answer 44

monocytes

Question 45

how is the extrinsic blood clotting pathway activated?

Answer 45

tissue factor (factor VII)

Question 46

granular leukocyte: intensifies inflammatory reactions

Answer 46

basophil

Question 47

condition in which oxygen carrying capacity of the blood falls

Answer 47

hypoxia

Question 48

platelets contain a very high concentration of ____ and ______, which are stimulated to ______ in aggregated platelets

Answer 48

actin; myosin; contract

Question 49

RBC is broken down: _________ is removed and travels via _______ to the bone marrow to be recycled back into ________

Answer 49

iron; transferrin; hemoglobin

Question 50

clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

Answer 50

thrombosis