Exam 4 Part 9

Question 1

gland

Answer 1

cell, tissue, organ that produces a specific substance for use in, or elimination from, the body

Question 2

exocrine gland

Answer 2

secretes products directly to body surface or into ducts that lead to body surface; part of various systems

Question 3

endocrine gland

Answer 3

ductless; secrete products directly to blood (or surrounding interstitial fluids); comprise own system (although no anatomically contiguous

Question 4

hormones

Answer 4

chemical substance produced by endocrine system, carried by blood to specific target for specific effect
work with nervous system

Question 5

hormones chemically can be

Answer 5

proteins, steroids, amines

Question 6

pituitary

Answer 6

2 lobes of different embryonic origins
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary

Question 7

anterior pituitary

Answer 7

outgrowth from near roof of pharynx
produces and secretes seven major hormones (most function on growht an development by stimulation other endocrine glands to secrete other hormoes)

Question 8

posterior pituitary

Answer 8

outgrowth of hypothalamus (via infundibulum)

does not produce hormones but stores and releases 2 hormones produced by hypothalamus

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

produces many different hormones
some go to anterior pituitary where they regulate secretion of different hormones produced by the AP; these hormones travel via a blood vessel network (hypothalamohypophyseal portal system)
some go to the posterior pituitary where they are stored and later released; these hormoens travel via neuronal transport

Question 10

pineal gland

Answer 10

attached to epithalamus
function not well known, produces melatonin

Question 11

thyroid

Answer 11

inferior to larynx; 2 lobes wrap around trachea, connected only anteriorly
many follicles lined with cuboidal epithelium - secrete thyroid hormones to follice
hormones affect growth and development, and metabolic rate (1 important, Ca regulation)

Question 12

parathyroid

Answer 12

4 (2-6) embedded in posterior lobes of thyroid;

Ca2++ regulation

Question 13

thymus

Answer 13

review from lymphatic system (hormones stimulate T lymphocytes)

Question 14

adrenal

Answer 14

retroperitoneal, one on superior surface of each kidney

cortex: 3 zones >25 different steroid hormones
medulla: adrenaline

Question 15

pancreas

Answer 15

islet cells

2 main cell types produce 2 major hormones that regulate blood sugarlevels

Question 16

gonads

Answer 16

female: ovaries in pelvic cavity; sex hormones: estrogens and progesterone
male: testes in scrotum; sex hormone testosterone

Question 17

stomach, duodenum

Answer 17

digestive hormones

Question 18

kidneys

Answer 18

hormones affecting RBC products, bp, and C and P levels

Question 19

uterus

Answer 19

placenta: pregnancy hormones

Question 20

heart

Answer 20

hormone that affects blood pressure regulation