Exam 2 Part 6

Question 1

epicranius

Answer 1

occipitofrontalis: main muscle of epicranium (scalp), covers forehead
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Origin: bones of skull (occipital and frontal)
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis

Question 2

orbicularis oculi

Answer 2

sphincter muscle; closes eye - as in blinking, winking

Question 3

orbicularis oris

Answer 3

sphincter muscle; compresses lips over teeth/protrudes lips -as in kissing

Question 4

buccinator

Answer 4

draws corners of mouth laterally as in whistling or sucking

Question 5

bucca

Answer 5

cheek

Question 6

zygomaticus

Answer 6

major and minor.
both originate on zygomatic bone and insert at corner of mouth
elevates corner of mouth as in smiling, speaking

Question 7

masseter

Answer 7

most powerful of muscles that move jaw
movement: elevates mandible as in chewing, speaking
Origin: along zygomatic arch
insertion: ramus of mandible

Question 8

temporalis

Answer 8

elevates and retracts mandible as when chewing

origin: bones of skull (temporal lines)
insertion: mandible

Question 9

platysma

Answer 9

movement: depresses mandible as in talking, with sternocleidomastoid flexes neck
Origin: fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
insertion: mandible, skin of cheek

Question 10

platy

Answer 10

plate-like, flat

Question 11

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 11

bends head towards shoulder, turns face to opposite side
origin: 2; manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
works with scalene muscles during forced inhalation (raise ribs)

Question 12

erector spinae

Answer 12

maintain posture so can stand erect -long and skinny
massive superficial muscle group (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis groups)
sacrum to skull

Question 13

transversospinalis group

Answer 13

deep to erector spinae; connect and stabilize vertebrae
short-attach to spinous processes
lateral stability

Question 14

diaphragm

Answer 14

muscle fibers converge on central tendon (aponeurosis)
compresses abominopelvic cavity and expands thoracic cavity vertically
3 openings
used during quiet breathing

Question 15

diaphragm openings

Answer 15

caval (inferior vena cava), esophageal, aortic

Question 16

external and internal intercostals

Answer 16

external during quiet breathing; internal during forced
two layers between ribs
these muscles on cow/pig -short ribs/spare ribs

Question 17

other muscles of repiration

Answer 17

scalenes (2), serraturs posterior (2), sternocleidomastoid

Question 18

muscles of the abdominal wall

Answer 18

flat, sheetlike; all compress abdominal wall, hold abdominal organs, flex and stabilize vertebral column; some lateral rotation

Question 19

external oblique

Answer 19

largest abdominal wall muscle

orgin: lower ribs
insertion: iliac crest and linea alba/aponeruosis

Question 20

internal oblique

Answer 20

abdominal wall muscle

origin: lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest
insertion: aponeurosis to linea alba and pubis

Question 21

rectus abdominis

Answer 21

6 pack muscle
origin: pubic bone
insertion: xiphoid process of sternum, some ribs
within recus sheath (formed from 3 aponeurosis of toher abdominal muscles); divided into sections by tendinous intersections

Question 22

tendinous intersections

Answer 22

divides the rectus abdominis into sections

Question 23

pectoralis major

Answer 23

large, thick, fan-shaped
flexes arm, adducts arm across chest
origin: clavicle, ribs 1-7 and sternum
insertion: greater tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 24

pectoralis minor

Answer 24

thin, triangular, deep to pectoralis major
pulls scapula forward and down
origin: 3 , on ribs 3-5
insertion: coracoid process of scapula

Question 25

serratus anterior

Answer 25

between ribs and scapula; boxer’s muscle (horizontal arm movement)
also pulls scapula forward and downard, rotates scapula
origin: upper 8 or 9 ribs
insertion: medial/vertebral border of scapula

Question 26

trapezius

Answer 26

large, flat, diamond shape; 3 fiber groups
draws shoulders and neck back (moves scapula in various ways)
origin: occipital bone to spinous processes of 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
insertion: clavicle and spine and acromion process of scapula

Question 27

deltoid

Answer 27

triangle shape; thick, powerful; 3 fiber groups
main abduct the arm; also extends and flexes shoulder/arm
origin: clavicle and spine and acromion process of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Question 28

latissimus dorsi

Answer 28

lat, swimmers muscles
pulls the arm backward-as in swimming or rowing
origin: lower ribs, spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae, all lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, and iliac crest
insertion: wraps around to armpit and inserts on intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 29

rhomboideus

Answer 29

major and minor: diamond shape, deep to trapezius
raise and adduct scapula; square shoulders, paddle canoe
origin: 7th cervical and 1st several thoracic vertebrae
insertion: medial/vertebral border of scapula

Question 30

levator scapulae

Answer 30

deep, under trapezius in neck region; raises scapula

Question 31

supraspinatus

Answer 31

deep, rotates shoulder joint/arm

Question 32

infraspinatus

Answer 32

deep, rotates shoulder/arm joint

Question 33

subscapularis

Answer 33

deep, rotates shoulder joint/arm from anterior view

Question 34

teres major and minor

Answer 34

deep, rotate shoulder join

Question 35

rotator cuff

Answer 35

supraspinous, infraspinous, subscapularis, teres minor