exam 3 part 4

Question 1

meninges

Answer 1

membraneous CT
protect brain and spinal cord (continous)
3 layer

Question 2

dura mater

Answer 2

outer meninx
dense irregular CT
2 layers around brain (mostly fused, dural sinus where separate)
forms dura speta that anchor and partition brain
1 layer around spinal cord

Question 3

arachnoid mater

Answer 3

middle meninx, delicate (fibrous CT)

below this is subarachnoid space

Question 4

Pia mater

Answer 4

inner most meninx, areolar CT
binds to brain and spinal cord surfaces, follows contours
in spinal column are extensions to attach dura mater
forms part of choroid plexuses

Question 5

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 5

clear, water fluid, filtered from blood plasma
carriers nutrients and removes wastes
protective cushion around and w/in CNS; buoys brain
produced in choroid plexuses of ventricles
circulates throughout CNS; lateral ventricle ->3rd-> 4th
excess CSF returns to blood at arachnoid villi

Question 6

arachnoid villi

Answer 6

in dural venous sinuses

return excess CSF to blood

Question 7

blood brain barrier

Answer 7

reduced or absent in choroid plexuses, hypothalamus and pineal gland

Question 8

spinal cord

Answer 8

part of CNS going through vertebral canal
continous with brain, oval in xs
extends to about L1 or L2 veterbae where it tapers
31 pairs of spinal nerves, emerge through interbertebral foramina
covered by 3 meninges and CSF

Question 9

conus medullaris

Answer 9

tapered area of spinal cor

Question 10

cauda equmas

Answer 10

spinal nerves off conus medullaris

Question 11

layers of spine

Answer 11

skin, muscles, ligaments, vertebra, epidural space, dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pira mater, spinal cord

Question 12

spinal nerves

Answer 12

31 pairs-arise from spinal cord
each nerve has 2 roots:
anterior root (contains motor axons)
posterior/dorsal root -contains sensory axons
together, both roots -> a single mixed nerve

Question 13

cervical nerves

Answer 13

8. 1st lies bt skull and altas C2-C7 exist above vertebra of same #
   C8 exits bt C7 and T1

Question 14

thoracic and lumbar nerves

Answer 14

exit below vertebra of same #

12 thoracic, 5 lumber, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal pairs of nerves

Question 15

nerve plexus

Answer 15

netword of nerves htat combine/split several times

Question 16

nerve plexus types

Answer 16

cervical (some branches of hypglossal)
brachial
lumbar
sacral
some spinal nerves do not form plexuses (ie thoracic)

Question 17

dermatones

Answer 17

skin section

skin might hurt is signal of injury to spinal nerve

Question 18

reflex arc

Answer 18

neural patheway, “wiring of signal”