Exam 3 Part 1

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

part of CNS; encased by cranium, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid
2% of body weight, used 20% of blood O2

Question 2

Main parts of brain

Answer 2

cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 3

parts of notochord that make up brain

Answer 3

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Question 4

Prosencephalon

Answer 4

top of notochord, makes up forebrain (cerebrum and diencephalon)

Question 5

Mesencephalon

Answer 5

middle of notochord, develops into midbrain

Question 6

Rhombencephalon

Answer 6

bottom of notochord, develops into hindbrain (pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata)

Question 7

brainstem

Answer 7

pons and medulla oblongata

NOT rhombencephalon

Question 8

surface of brain

Answer 8

foldings increase area/intelligence/thinking

not present in embryo

Question 9

Ridges of brain

Answer 9

gyri

Question 10

Grooves of brain

Answer 10

sulci (fissure if deep)

Question 11

Distinct fissures

Answer 11

Transverse fissure, lateral sulcus, central sulcus

Question 12

Layers of brain

Answer 12

made up of gray and white matter- follow convolution of surface

Question 13

gray matter

Answer 13

nerve cell bodies; UNmyelinated axons
outerareas (cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex)
Seen as collections of nerve cell bodies deep within white matter (cerebral nuclei/basal nuclei)

Question 14

bellum

Answer 14

little

Question 15

cortex

Answer 15

bark

Question 16

white matter

Answer 16

deeper areas of brain; myelinated axons
fibers form bundles called tracts or commissures; transmit information
–corpus callosum
–septum pellucidum

Question 17

Cerebrum

Answer 17

largest part of brain -80% brain mass
2 hemispheres
separated form cerebellum by tranverse fissure
each hemisphere have 5 lobes

Question 18

cerebrum hemispheres

Answer 18

partly separated by longitudinal fissue
connected internally by corpus callosum
each has cavity -lateral ventricles, contains CSF

Question 19

Cerebral lobes

Answer 19

frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
insula

Question 20

frontal lobe

Answer 20

central sulcus to lateral sulcus
precentral gyrus -contains primary motor cortex; many pyramidal cells
Motor speech area (broca’s area)

Question 21

primary motor cortex

Answer 21

found in precentral gyrus of frontal lobe

voluntary muscle control, higher intellectual functinos, personality

Question 22

Parietal lobe

Answer 22

part of cerebrum.
post central gyrus
Wernicke’s area

Question 23

Post central gyrus

Answer 23

found in parietal lobe

primary somatosensory area (touch, pressure, pain, temp receptors)

Question 24

Wernike’s Area

Answer 24

found in parietal lob (also temporal)
usually in left hemisphere
mental aspects of speech/language

Question 25

Temporal lobe

Answer 25

auditory and olfactory interpretation and storage of experiences

Question 26

Occipital lobe

Answer 26

less distinct lobe; visual processing and visual memory

Question 27

Insula

Answer 27

lobe of cerebrum | deep; memeory, gustatory (taste) interpretation

Question 28

Functional distinctions of cerebral lobes

Answer 28

gnostic area (common integrative area) -junctions temporal, parietal, occipital lobes; integrates sensory/visual/auditory info - Hemispheres are contralateral - Homunculus

Question 29

Gnostic area

Answer 29

common integrative area at the junction of temporal, parietal and coccipital lobe

Question 30

Gnostic

Answer 30

knowledge

Question 31

Cerebral hemisphere lateralization

Answer 31

specialization of each hemisphere for different tasks - representational hemisphere (usually right) visual/spacial - categorial hemisphere (usually left) Wernike's and motor speech area - may be reversed, especially if left-handed