Exam 1 Part 8

Question 1

bone shapes

Answer 1

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 2

bone organization

Answer 2

compact (dense) -osteon system, outer

spongy (cancellous) -trabeculae, inner

Question 3

long bone structure

Answer 3

diaphysis (shaft)
medullary cavity
epiphyses
metphysis
periosteum

Question 4

diaphysis

Answer 4

shaft of long bone

Question 5

medullary cavity

Answer 5

hollow, yello marrow in adult

Question 6

endosteum

Answer 6

lines medullary cavity

consists of various bone cells and CT

Question 7

Epiphyses

Answer 7

proximal and distal
ends of lone bone
have champes with in spongy bone that contains red marrow
capped by articular cartilage (hyaline)

Question 8

metaphysis

Answer 8

contains epiphyseal plate (child) or epiphyseal line (adult

growth area

Question 9

epiphyseal plate/line

Answer 9

growth area that is in the metaphysis

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

irregular, dense CT , covers bone
contains cells that form bone (width)
muscular attachment (via tendons)

Question 11

Bone cell types

Answer 11

osteoprongeniter cells
osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclast

Question 12

osteoprogeniter cells

Answer 12

stem cells in endosteum and periosteum

Question 13

osteoblast

Answer 13

bone forming cells (immature bone cells)
will become osteocytes
secrete osteoid

Question 14

Osteoid

Answer 14

bone ground substance

Question 15

osteocyte

Answer 15

mature bone cell.

osteoblast become these when surrounded by osteoid

Question 16

Osteoclast

Answer 16

large, multinucleated, mobile, osteolysis

secrete HCl to break down bone tissue for remodelling

Question 17

clast

Answer 17

to break

Question 18

ossification

Answer 18

bone formation (osteogenesis)
bones constantly remodeled throughout life
originates from embryonic tissue called mesenchyme (connective tissue)

Question 19

mesenchyme

Answer 19

embryonic tissue that gives rise to CT and bone (periosteum)

Question 20

intramembraneous ossification

Answer 20

flat bones
ossification center (mesenchyme) -> osteoprogenitor cells -> osteoblasts -> osteoid, calcifies -> osteoblasts trapped and become osteocytes
bone tissue organizes to form compact & spongy bone

Question 21

Endochondrial ossification

Answer 21

most of skeleton
mesenchyme cells ->hyaline cartilage -> bone
includes primary and secondary ossification center
cartilage bt centers =epiphyseal plate
once growth stops, cartilage replaced by bone
osteoclasts form medullary cavity
vascularization (nutrient cavity)

Question 22

primary ossification center

Answer 22

endochondrial ossification

area where cartilage begins to be replaced by bone (center of diaphysis)

Question 23

secondary ossification center

Answer 23

endochondiral ossification

areas in epiphyseal cartilagewhere calcification also occurs

Question 24

appositional growth

Answer 24

increase in diameter