Exam 1 Part 8 Flashcards
bone shapes
long short flat irregular sesamoid
bone organization
compact (dense) -osteon system, outer
spongy (cancellous) -trabeculae, inner
long bone structure
diaphysis (shaft) medullary cavity epiphyses metphysis periosteum
diaphysis
shaft of long bone
medullary cavity
hollow, yello marrow in adult
endosteum
lines medullary cavity
consists of various bone cells and CT
Epiphyses
proximal and distal
ends of lone bone
have champes with in spongy bone that contains red marrow
capped by articular cartilage (hyaline)
metaphysis
contains epiphyseal plate (child) or epiphyseal line (adult
growth area
epiphyseal plate/line
growth area that is in the metaphysis
Periosteum
irregular, dense CT , covers bone
contains cells that form bone (width)
muscular attachment (via tendons)
Bone cell types
osteoprongeniter cells
osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclast
osteoprogeniter cells
stem cells in endosteum and periosteum
osteoblast
bone forming cells (immature bone cells)
will become osteocytes
secrete osteoid
Osteoid
bone ground substance
osteocyte
mature bone cell.
osteoblast become these when surrounded by osteoid
Osteoclast
large, multinucleated, mobile, osteolysis
secrete HCl to break down bone tissue for remodelling
clast
to break
ossification
bone formation (osteogenesis) bones constantly remodeled throughout life originates from embryonic tissue called mesenchyme (connective tissue)
mesenchyme
embryonic tissue that gives rise to CT and bone (periosteum)
intramembraneous ossification
flat bones
ossification center (mesenchyme) -> osteoprogenitor cells -> osteoblasts -> osteoid, calcifies -> osteoblasts trapped and become osteocytes
bone tissue organizes to form compact & spongy bone
Endochondrial ossification
most of skeleton
mesenchyme cells ->hyaline cartilage -> bone
includes primary and secondary ossification center
cartilage bt centers =epiphyseal plate
once growth stops, cartilage replaced by bone
osteoclasts form medullary cavity
vascularization (nutrient cavity)
primary ossification center
endochondrial ossification
area where cartilage begins to be replaced by bone (center of diaphysis)
secondary ossification center
endochondiral ossification
areas in epiphyseal cartilagewhere calcification also occurs
appositional growth
increase in diameter
