Exam 3 Flashcards
what is the primary storage polysaccharide in fungus
glycogen
in most fungi, karagomy does not immediately plasmogamy, which means
- fusion of cytoplasm occurs without immediate fusion of nuclei
- results in cell containing two distinct nuclei/dikaryotic cells
in what order do fungi process food compared to animals
digest externally
absorption
what happens in the small intestine of animals
- digestion: enzymes (chemical digestion) break particles into smaller components
- absorption: villi increase the surface area to help absorb particles through cells walls and bloodstream
- transport: nutrients enter bloodstream and transported to various cells and tissues
- movement: muscular contraction
all fungi are
- heterotrophic
- have cells walls with chitin
- reproduce sexually or asexually through spores
- have network of hyphae that form mycelium to absorb nutrients
what structure in fungi is for nutrient absorption and is made of thread like filaments
hyphae
in plants, what is produced by meiosis
haploid spores
- diploid cells in sporophyte generation divide to produce four haploid spores
what type of symbiosis benefits one organism while harming the other
parasitism
what is the plant structure that transports water
xylem
how do animals with an incomplete digestive track process food
- ingestion thru mouth
- digestion and absorption occur in central cavity
- nutrients absorbed directly thru into cells of central cavity
- undigested food expelled thru same opening (mouth)
- two way digestive system (one opening)
what is parthenogenesis in animals
form of asexual reproduction in which egg develops into organism with fertilized by sperm
what is karyogamy
- fusion of two nuclei
- follows plasmogamy
- sexual reproduction
- two haploid nuclei fuse to form diploid nucleus
bacterium living in underground septic tank thrives by absorbing organic compounds from decomposing wastes, what is it
- saprophytic bacteria
- bacillus, pseudomonas
- chemoheterotroph
what is/are examples of asexual reproduction in plants
- rhizomes
- stolon
- tubers
what is the asexual form of reproduction in animals
- budding
- fission
- fragmentation
- parthenogenesis
- regeneration
unlike eukaryotes and archaea, bacterial cell walls contain unique substance called
peptidoglycan
which component is found in fungal cell walls that provide strength
chitin
particular species of protist obtained chloroplast via secondary endosymbiosis, you know this because the chloroplast
because chloroplast typically have four membranes
mushroom is a reproductive structure that consists largely of dikaryotic cells
true or false
true
what process do bacteria use for reproduction
binary fission
which structure allows for nutrient exchange between fungi and plant roots
mycorrhizae
which feeding process filters small particles from water
filter feeding
what is the primary function of vascular tissue in plants
facilitate transport of water, nutrients, and food throughout the plant
which organisms are thought to be most closely related to fungi
animals
what is an advantage of sexual reproduction in changing environments
- genetic diversity/variation
- increased adaptability
what is the role of exoenzymes in fungal nutrition
facilitate breakdown of complex organic materials
- external digestion
- decomposition
- nutrient absorption
- diversity of enzymes
how do lichens represent symbiotic relationship with algae
algal component:
- performs photosynthesis and shares sugars with lichen
- algae benefit from protection by fungal component of lichen and lichen gain nutrients
animal heterotrophy can be distinguished from fungal heterotrophy in that most animals derive nutrition by
ingesting it
what type of reproduction gives identical offspring
asexual
what process is unique to photosynthetic organisms
- photosynthesis
- photophosphorylation
- carbon fixation
- production of oxygen
what distinguishes protostomes and deuterostomes
- protostomes mouth forms first then anus, this is the opposite for deuterostomes
- protostomes have spiral cleavage and deuterostomes have radial cleavage
- Devlopment of each cell is fixed in protostomes and in deuterostomes have different cell types
- the body cavity on protostomes form by splitting tissue while body forms through pouches that bud off in deuterostomes
what are the basics of mycorrhizal fungi
- essential partners in symbiotic relationships they form with roots of plants
- provide ability to absorb more water, nutrients, and minerals for plants
- improve soil structure
in process of alternation of generation, which generation is haploid or diploid and what does it produce
Gametophyte
- haploid
- produces gametes (sperm and eggs) by mitosis
Sporophyte
- diploid
- produces spores by meiosis
what circulatory system is best for large animals
closed
are seeds also referred to as spores
true or false
false
what is the main difference between suspension and deposit feeders/feeding
Suspension feeders filter small food particles from the water column, while deposit feeders consume organic material from the substrate (soil or sand)
what kingdom or domain are prokaryotes in
bacteria and archaea
long, branching fungal filaments are what
hyphae
- found in forms of mycelium
what is the distinguishing factor of chemotrophs vs autotrophs
chemotrophs
- energy source obtained from oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds
- carbon source= use CO2 or C
autotrophs
- energy source= from sunlight
- carbon source= inorganic carbon (CO2)
what are the fungi called that absorb nutrients from decaying plant matter
saprophytic
in fungi, a diploid zygote is formed when male spore fertilizes female spore
true or false
false
how do biologists put fungi into the four main groups (what is it based on)
sexual reproductive structures
what stage of basidiomycetes life cycle would reproduction be halted if enzyme prevented fusion of hyphae was introduced
plasmogamy
where do chemotrophic bacteria get their carbon and energy source from
energy= oxidation of electron donors
carbon= organic and inorganic compounds
where do the light capturing reactions of photosynthesis take place in plants
thylakoid membranes
what fact explains why most plants will grow a lot faster when they can from mycorrhizal associations with fungi
- enhanced nutrient absorption
- increase access to water
- improve soil structure
- protect plants from pathogens
- increased growth hormones
