Chapter 52 (exam 4) Flashcards
commensalism
when one species benifits but other is unaffected
competition
indviduals compete for the same resources, so both lower each others fitness
consumption
one organisms eats or absorbs nutrietns from another, increases consumers fitness but decreases victims fitness
mutualism
when two species interact that benefits both species fitness
intraspecific competition
competition that occurs between members of same species
- factor in density dependent growth
interspecific competition
when individuals from different species compete for or use the same resources
- direct or indirect
niche
range of resources that species is able to use or range of conditions it can tolerate
what happens when niches of two species overlap
interspecific competition occurs
what is the competitive exclusion principle
idea that two species cannot coexist in the same ecological niche in the same area cause one species will outcompete the other species
what happens when niches partially overlap?
individuals who use joint resources have the disadvantage relative to those that use other resources
fundamental niche
total theoretical range of environmental conditions a species can tolerate
realized niche
portion of fundamental niche that species actually occupies given limiting factors
niche differentiation
evolutionary change in resource use caused by competition
what is the difference between endoparasite and ectoparasite
an endoparasite consumes nutrients from inside its host, while an ectoparasite consumes nutrients outside its host
how does a parasitoid act as a consumption
it lays its eggs inside or on the body of its host where the eggs will hatch and kill the host
what is a coevolutionary arms race
series of adapatations observed in species that interact closely over time and affect each other’s fitness
constitutive defenses
defensive trait that is present even in the absence of consumers