Chapter 22 Vocab

Question 1

fossil

Answer 1

any trace of organism that lived in past left in soft sediments

Question 2

fossil record

Answer 2

all the fossils found on Earth

Question 3

extant species

Answer 3

species that is living today

Question 4

geological time scale

Answer 4

sequence of named intervals called eons, eras, and periods that represented major events

Question 5

radioactive decay

Answer 5

steady rate at which unstable “parent” atoms are converted into more stable “daughter” atoms

Question 6

transitional feature

Answer 6

trait in a fossil species that is immediate between those of ancestral and derived species

Question 7

vestigial trait

Answer 7

reduced or incompletely developed structure that has no function, but is similar to functioning structures in related species

Question 8

abiotic factors example

Answer 8

increase in temperature or drop in sea level

Question 9

biotic factors examples

Answer 9

arrival of new parasite or extinction of predator

Question 10

phylogenetic tree

Answer 10

branching diagram that depicts the ancestor-descendent relationships among species

Question 11

homology

Answer 11

similarity in species due to common ancestor

Question 12

genetic homolgy

Answer 12

similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequences due to inheritance from common ancestor

Question 13

developmental homology

Answer 13

similarity in embryonic form/developmental process via inheritance from a common ancestor

Question 14

structural homology

Answer 14

similarity in adult organismal structures via inheritance from common ancestor

Question 15

speciation

Answer 15

process that results in new species being formed from preexisting species

Question 16

internal consistency

Answer 16

observation that data from independent sources agree in supporting predictions made by a theory

Question 17

artificial selection

Answer 17

deliberate manipulation by humans in plant/animal breeding of the genetic composition of a population to by allowing only individuals with desirable traits to breed

Question 18

natural selection

Answer 18

those with certain heritable traits produce more surviving offspring than those without those traits

Question 19

fitness

Answer 19

ability of an individual to produce surviving, fertile offspring

Question 20

adaptation

Answer 20

heritable trait that increases fitness

Question 21

selection

Answer 21

passive process, differential reproduction as a result pf heritable variation, not a purposeful choice

Question 22

natural experiment

Answer 22

natural change in condition enables comparison of groups, rather than manipulation of

Question 23

acclimatization

Answer 23

change in individual might go through to live in a particular environment

Question 24

communities

Answer 24

groups of individuals of different species

Question 25

fitness trade offs

Answer 25

compromise between 2 traits that can be optimized simultaneously

Question 26

genetic correlation

Answer 26

selection on one trait causes change in another

Question 27

genetic drift

Answer 27

random changes in traits in populations

Question 28

gene flow

Answer 28

population that have not been interacting before and come together