Biodiversity Week 2 Part 2

Question 1

where is most of the eukaryote diversity found in

Answer 1

among protists

Question 2

what are bacteria and archaea considered

Answer 2

unicellular

Question 3

what do all eukaryotes alive today have

Answer 3

1. mitochondria or genes found in mitochondria
2. nucleus and endomembrane system
3. cytoskeleton

Question 4

what are eukaryotic flagellum made up of

Answer 4

microtubules
- walk like motion

Question 5

what are mitochondria

Answer 5

• organelles
• generate ATP using pyruvate as electron donor
• oxygen as electron acceptor

Question 6

what is the endosymbiosis theory

Answer 6

proposes that mitochondria originated when a bacterial cell took up residence inside another cell

Question 7

endosymbiosis

Answer 7

organism of one species lives inside cells of an organism of another species

Question 8

secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 8

organism engulfs photosynthetic eukaryotic cell and retains chloroplasts

Question 9

what did infoldings of the plasma membrane possibly given rise to

Answer 9

nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

why was the evolution of nuclear envelope advantageous

Answer 10

separated transcription and translation

Question 11

what was the result of the mutation of organism containing more than one cell evolved

Answer 11

multicellularity

Question 12

phagocytosis

Answer 12

uptake by a cell of small particles or cells by invagination and pinching of the plasma membrane to form small, membrane-bound vesicles
- eat other protists whole

Question 13

what are the three ways protists can feed

Answer 13

1. ingesting packets of food
2. absorbing organic molecules directly from environment
3. performing photosynthesis

Question 14

ingestive lifestyles are based on what

Answer 14

eating live or dead organisms or on scavenging bits of organic debris

Question 15

pseudopodia

Answer 15

• long, fingerlike projections
• ability to surround and swallow prey

Question 16

when does absorptive feeding occur

Answer 16

nutrients are taken up directly from environment, across plasma membrane, through transport proteins

Question 17

what are the types of absorptive feeders

Answer 17

• decomposers
• detritus
• parasite

Question 18

decomposer

Answer 18

diet consist mainly of dead organic matter

Question 19

detritus

Answer 19

layer of dead organic matter that accumulates at ground level or on seafloors and lake bottoms

Question 20

parasite

Answer 20

absorptive species that damages its host

Question 21

what direction do most protists move

Answer 21

in the direction to find food

Question 22

amoeboid motion

Answer 22

sliding movement
- pseudopodia stream forward over a substrate
- motion requires ATP

Question 23

flagella motion in protists

Answer 23

• flagella or cilia
• nine sets of paired microtubules

Question 24

what is the difference between flagella and cilia

Answer 24

flagella are long and found alone or in pairs while cilia are short and occur in large numbers

Question 25

what type of reproduction do most protists go through

Answer 25

asexual
- intersexual occurs only intermittently

Question 26

difference between haploid and diploid

Answer 26

diploid have two of each type of chromosome while haploid have just one of each type of chromosome

Question 27

what results in haploid cells

Answer 27

when meiosis occurs in diploid cells

Question 28

what are the two main contrasts with haploid dominated life cycle

Answer 28

1. meiosis occurs in mitotically produced offspring rather than zygote
2. gametes are only haploid cells in diploid-dominated life cycle

Question 29

alternation of generations

Answer 29

alternation of multicellular haploid stage with multicellular diploid stage

Question 30

what is the multicellular haploid form

Answer 30

gametophyte

Question 31

multicellular diploid form

Answer 31

sporophyte

Question 32

spore

Answer 32

single haploid cell that divides mitotically to form multicellular haploid gametophyte

Question 33

sporophytes produce what by what

Answer 33

produce spores by meiosis

Question 34

gametophytes produce what by what

Answer 34

produce gametes by mitosis