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RUSVM Therio Practice Questions > Exam 2: Sheep and Goat Reproduction > Flashcards

Exam 2: Sheep and Goat Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Controlled kidding programs are seen in _____ goats

while year round kidding programs are seen in ______ goats

A

Controlled = meat

Year round = dairy

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2
Q

The buck is kept with the doe for ______ days

in controlled kidding programs

A

32 days

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3
Q

In goats and sheep,

puberty depends on _______ variation

A

breed

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4
Q

Body weight should be _____% of adult weight

before entering the breeding herd

A

60 - 70%

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5
Q

On PE, you cannot palpate the ______,

vaginoscopy only reaches to the cervix

A

uterus

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6
Q

Goats and sheep are

SHORT day breeders, which means they cycle

during this season

A

FALL

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7
Q

What is the age for puberty in goats and sheep?

A

5 - 15 months

(or >60% adult BW)

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8
Q

What factors affect onset of puberty?

A

Time of lambing

Nutrition

Breed

Ram Selection (SCROTAL SIZE)

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9
Q

______ is heritable:

For example, if a sheep was born a twin, offspring will

most likely be twins

A

Fecundity

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10
Q

Ages ________ years are the best lambing/kidding seasons

A

3 - 6 years

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11
Q

____% of 9-10 year old ewes still kid/lamb

A

80%

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12
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Shortest estrous cycle?

A

Sheep (ewe)

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13
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Length of estrous cycle in days

A

Sheep= 17d

Goat= 21d

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14
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Length of ESTRUS

A

Sheep= 30 hours

Goat= 36 hours

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15
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Length of gestation

A

Sheep- 147d

Goat- 150d

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16
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Location of P4 production

A

Sheep- PLACENTAL

Goat- CL DEPENDENT

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17
Q

Sheep (Ewe) vs. Goat (Doe):

Signs of estrus

A

Sheep- Vulvar swelling, anorexia

Goat- STANDS TO BE MOUNTED, tail wagging, bleating, pacing

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18
Q

The time period of the estrous cycle

where the CL is being formed

A

Metestrus

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19
Q

The time period in the estrus cycle where

the CL is MATURE and producing progesterone

A

Diestrus

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20
Q

How is breeding managed and monitored in sheep and goats?

A

vasectomized teaser ram/goat 14 days prior

wear a marking device harness that leaves a mark

on the females when they mount them to breed.

Change colors every 14 days.

Monitors who is cycling when and helps

stage when to breed

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21
Q

The conception rate is

______% for the first service

and

______% for the second service

A

65 - 80% (first service)

90% (second service)

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22
Q

Increasing the level of feed offered to breeding

small ruminants is known as

A

Flushing

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23
Q

When flushing breeding sheep and goats,

increase the nutrient uptake by ______%,

______ weeks prior to breeding

A

When flushing breeding sheep and goats,

increase the nutrient uptake by 20 - 30%,

2 - 3 weeks prior to breeding

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24
Q

When do you “flush” ewes and does?

A

2 - 3 weeks prior to breeding

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25
Q

When do you “flush” rams?

A

8 weeks prior to spermatogenesis cycle (50d cycle)

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26
Q

In regards to reproductive manipulation,

how do you shorten the diestrus phase?

A

Prostaglandin

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27
Q

In regards to reproductive manipulation,

how do you mimic the diestrus phase?

A

Progesterone

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28
Q

In regards to reproductive manipulation,

how do you synchronize the follicular wave?

A

GnRH

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29
Q

In small ruminants,

reproductive manipulation is approached from

the standpoint of ________________

A

where the doe is in her cycle

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30
Q

What methods are utilized for reproductive manipulation in

sheep and goats?

A

CIDR

Prostaglandins

GnRH

Light manipulation (short-day breeders)

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31
Q

If the doe is in anestrous,

how is reproduction manipulated?

A

Hormonal manipulation: PG, PGF2a, Gonadotropins, CIDRs

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32
Q

If the doe is in the transitional part of her cycle

(beginning or end of breeding season),

how is reproduction manipulated to

initiate a cycle/come into heat?

A

BUCK or RAM EFFECT:

Separate all females from males for 30 days,

then reintroduce the nastiest, smelliest male.

Will initiate a transitional effect and cycle

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33
Q

When are CIDRs used most often?

A

During the transitional time frame

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34
Q

How long are CIDRs used for in sheep and goats?

A

12 - 14 days (double the time cows can have it)

35
Q

Describe the steps of hormonal manipulation

of an anestrous doe

A

Put in CIDR (Progestin) for 12d

Give Gonadotropin,

Remove progestin source

Give Prostaglandin.

Estrus follows in 17 - 30 hours

36
Q

MGA (Melengesterol Acetate) is

NOT LABELED for sheep and goats.

Give for _______ days,

then animals will go through a silent cycle before

having a fertile cycle

A

14 days

37
Q

Prostaglandins only work during breeding season

because you must have a _______ for it to work

A

corpus luteum

38
Q

How do you get females to cycle at the same speed

using PROSTAGLANDINS?

A

Remove ram

Give 2 doses (PGF2a or Cloprostenol) 9 days apart

Return ram- helps with ovulation

39
Q

Maternal recognition of pregnancy is characterized

by the presence of ________

A

interferon-tau

40
Q

What type of placenta do sheep and goats have?

A

Cotyledonary EpithelioChorial

41
Q

Why do we maintain sheep and goats at

2.5 - 3.0 BCS throughout pregnancy?

A

Helps to prevent pregnancy toxemia

42
Q

A vesicle can be seen on ultrasound

on days ________ transrectally

A

18 - 20

43
Q

At what day can the fetal heartbeat be seen

on transrectal ultrasound?

A

Day 25

44
Q

At what day can placentomes be seen on

transabdominal ultrasound?

A

Day 35

45
Q

At what day can skeletal structures be seen

on transabdominal ultrasound?

A

Day 60

46
Q

What is “bagging up”?

A

When udders start developing when pregnant.

Some may have full udders without being exposed to male,

but LEAVE IT ALONE and DONT MILK THEM

because they will just keep producing milk

47
Q

At what day of gestation is bagging up seen?

A

100 days

48
Q

When can you use ballottement to feel the baby?

A

100 days

49
Q

At what day of gestation

can you use xrays to confirm pregnancy?

A

Day 50

50
Q

At what day of gestation

can you use Laparotomy

to confirm gestation?

A

Day 35

51
Q

At what day of gestation

can vaginal biopsy be used

to confirm pregnancy?

A

Day 40

52
Q

At what day of gestation

can you use rectoabdominal palpation

to diagnose pregnancy

A

70 - 110 days

53
Q

Never use _______ assays to diagnose pregnancy

A

steroid

54
Q

What is stage 1 of parturition

A

Uterine contractions

(2 - 8 hours)

55
Q

What happens during Stage 2 of parturition?

A

Cervix stretched open (30 minutes)

Oxytocin released

Abdominal press (20m - 2h)

Newborn lamb stands (30m) and suckles (2hr)

56
Q

What happens during Stage 3 of parturition?

A

Placenta normally expelled (2 - 4 hours)

57
Q

Kidding and Lambing are normally uneventful;

only ____% require assistance

A

3 - 5%

58
Q

_____ minutes or more of contractions

and failure to deliver fetus warrants intervention

A

30 minutes

59
Q

What are the most common causes of dystocia

in sheep and goats?

A

Fetal postural abnormalities (head back)

Multiple fetuses trying to exit at the same time

60
Q

Why are sleeves/gloves necessary when treating

a dystocia?

A

Because MOST CAUSES OF ABORTION in sheep/goats

are ZOONOTIC! (unlike in cows)

61
Q

Failure of the cervix to completely dilate is known as

A

Ringwomb

62
Q

Ringwomb, or the failure of the cervix to completely dilate,

is common in the _______,

and considered HERITABLE

A

ewe

63
Q

Ringwomb, or the failure of the cervix to completely dilate,

is treated by performing a _________

A

C-section

64
Q

After parturition, always check for

____________ in the doe

A

additional fetuses

65
Q

What does meconium staining indicate if seen

in a newborn?

A

Stressed animal

66
Q

In a newborn, dip the navel in

___________ and give COLOSTRUM

A

7% iodine

67
Q

Postpartum, uterine involution takes ______ days,

and 10% go into non-fertile estrus within 48 hours

A

uterine involution takes 30 days

68
Q

Periparturient diseases are generally more common

in _________

A

SHEEP

69
Q

What are the risk factors for pregnancy toxemia,

which occurs during the final trimester of pregnancy

A

Multiple fetuses

Negative energy balance

Obese or extremely thin

70
Q

Twin pregnancy requires ______% more energy than

single births

A

180%

71
Q

Pregnancy with triplets requires ______%

more energy than single births

A

240%

72
Q

What are the clinical signs of pregnancy toxemia?

A

Depression, recumbency, tremors, bruxism, staggering, ketonuria.

Stargazing (neuro sign) in severe cases

73
Q

How do you treat pregnancy toxemia?

A

Remove fetuses

Glucose or 50% Dextrose IV (given with Insulin)

Propylene glycol

B vitamins

Transfaunation

74
Q

In regards to treatment of pregnancy toxemia,

how is parturition induced if near the end of term

in SHEEP?

A

15 - 18 mg Dexamethasone IM

(75% born in 36 hours)

75
Q

In regards to treatment of pregnancy toxemia,

how is parturition induced if near the end of term

in GOATS?

A

15 mg PGF + 15 mg Dexamethasone

(25 mg PGF and 25 mg Dex to induce in COWS)

76
Q

________is the transfer of one animal’s digestive flora into another animal, and is one method

of treating pregnancy toxemia

A

Transfaunation

77
Q

How is pregnancy toxemia prevented?

A

Maintaining good level of nutrition year round

ID animals with multiple fetuses and supplement feed

Spot check herds for urine ketones

78
Q

Vaginal prolapse is seen in SHEEP

and occurs pre-partum.

What are the causes of vaginal prolapse?

A

CLOVERS (Estrogen plants)

TAIL DOCKING (If proximal to coccygeal nerve 6)

GENETICS

Obesity

Multiple fetuses

79
Q

How is vaginal prolapse in the ewe treated?

A

Replacement

Retainment (Plastic Prolapse Retainer- animal can still lamb)

Cull

80
Q

_________ prolapse is seen in EWES,

while

________ prolapse is seen in Ewes AND Does

A

Vaginal prolapse- Ewes

Uterine prolapse- Ewes and Does

81
Q

The placenta should be expelled by ______ hours,

otherwise are known as retained fetal membranes

A

6 hours

82
Q

If the placenta is not expelled by 6 hours,

these retained fetal membranes can be treated

using which 2 drugs

A

Oxytocin

PGF2a

83
Q

What are the predisposing factors for

metritis and endometritis in sheep and goats?

A

DAIRY goats

Retained fetal membranes

Dystocia

Abortions

84
Q

How is metritis and endometritis treated in sheep and goats?

A

Antibiotics

Ecbolics

NSAIDS

IV Fluids

RUSVM Therio Practice Questions (21 decks)

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