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RUSVM Therio Practice Questions > Exam 2: Canine Estrous Cycle > Flashcards

Exam 2: Canine Estrous Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

The cervix is located _______ due to its long length

A

intra-abdominal

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2
Q

Ovary of the bitch is surrounded by significant amounts of

________

A

adipose tissue

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3
Q

Make sure to go over this structure

during transcervical insemination (TSI),

otherwise semen will be left behind

A

Dorsal-Median Vaginal Fold

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4
Q

The _________ bridge assesses if the bitch is in heat

A

cutaneous

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5
Q

Puberty is _______ months in smaller breeds

but up to

_______ years in larger breeds

A

6-10 months- smaller breeds

2 years- larger breeds

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6
Q

Maximum reproductive capability is at

___ years old

A

3 years old

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7
Q

Puberty is defined by the ability of the

hypothalamic neurons to produce sufficient _______

A

GnRH

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8
Q

Bitches in puberty are less likely to exhibit _____

when ovulation occurs

A

estrus

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9
Q

What is a split or false heat?

A

Bitches in puberty exhibiting signs of proestrus (bleeding),

but estrus does not occur immediately afterwards

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10
Q

What is silent heat?

A

Ovulation that occurs in the absence of proestrus-estrus

behavior or signs

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11
Q

Dogs, Wolves, and Bears are monoestrus

typically having _________ estrous cycles per year

A

1 - 2 estrous cycles

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12
Q

Which stage of Estrous is described?

Initiation of overt activity

A

Proestrous

(Day -9 to Day 0)

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13
Q

Which stage of Estrous is described?

Time for breeding

A

Estrus

(Day 0 to Day 9)

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14
Q

Which stage of Estrous is described?

Pregnancy or pseudopregnancy

A

Diestrus

(Day 9 to 2 months)

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15
Q

Which stage of Estrous is described?

Period of quiescence and repair

A

Anestrus

(90 to 150 days after diestrus)

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16
Q

Time from beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next

A

Inestrus period

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17
Q

What is the average duration of the inestrus period?

A

7 months

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18
Q

The absolute minimum cycle length (inestrus period)

is ________ months.

These 2 breeds are predisposed to short inestrus periods

A

4 months

Rottweiler, German Shepherd

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19
Q

What is the maximum cycle length (inestrus period)

and what breeds are predisposed to long inestrus periods?

A

12 months

African Basenjis

(If longer than 12 months, investigate for cause-hyperprolacteremia)

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20
Q

Vaginal _______________ epithelium

responds to estrogen

A

stratified squamous

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21
Q

Vaginal stratified squamous epithelium is

_______ layers thick in Anestrus

A

2 - 4

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22
Q

Vaginal stratified squamous epithelium is

________ cell layers thick by end of PROestrus

A

20 - 40 layers

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23
Q

Vaginal stratified squamous epithelial cells that are

fully cornified

are indicative of this stage

A

Estrus

24
Q

Onset of diestrus is characterized by the sudden

appearance of __________ cells;

a change from mostly cornified cells,

to mostly noncornified cells

A

parabasal

25
Q

What direction do you direct the swab when harvesting

cells for vaginal cytology?

A

Dorso-cranially

26
Q

A bitch in ________ attracts males but is non-receptive

A

proestrus

27
Q

Turgid swelling of the vulva and hemorrhagic vulvar discharge

via diapedesis of RBCs through uterine vessels

are physical changes seen in

_______

A

proestrus (coming into heat)

28
Q

What hormone dominates in Proestrus?

A

Estrogen

(Low gonadotropins- FSH,LH)

(Low progesterone- <1 ng/mL)

29
Q

Day _____ in canines is the day of the LH peak

A

Day 0

30
Q

Peak ovulation is ___ days after day of LH peak (Day 0)

A

2 days after

31
Q

Ovulation takes ______ hours to complete

A

24 hours

32
Q

In the bitch, a ________ (2N) is ovulated (Prophase 1)

and must go through further meiotic division to a

secondary oocyte (1N) BEFORE oocyte is ready

for __________

A

In the bitch, a primary oocyte(2N) is ovulated (Prophase 1)

and must go through further meiotic division to a

secondary oocyte (1N) BEFORE oocyte is ready

for fertilization

33
Q

How long is the secondary oocyte viable for fertilization?

A

3 - 4 days

34
Q

Initial rise in P4 (Progesterone) corresponds to the

______ peak

A

LH

35
Q

What is the modern standard for breeding management?

A

Progesterone (P4)

36
Q

Progesterone level of ________ confirms ovulations

A

>15 ng/mL

37
Q

Progesterone level of ________

means that ovulation is starting

A

5 ng/mL

(or a rise of 3 ng/mL in 24 hours)

38
Q

For natural or shipped semen, breed at ___ and___ hours

after P4 (progesterone) gets to 5 ng

A

48 and 96h

39
Q

For frozen semen, breed _____ hours

after P4 (progesterone) gets to 15 ng/mL or higher

A

72 hours

40
Q

Embryos remain in oviduct for _______ days after ovulation

A

9 - 10 days

41
Q

Canine oocytes are good for ____ hours post-ovulation,

A LONG TIME

A

108 hours

42
Q

Breed _______ days after the LH peak

A
43
Q

T/F:

LH assays are more definitive than progesterone assays

A

TRUE

44
Q

Which assay requires daily blood samples to be taken?

A

LH assay

45
Q

For a fertile breeding male dog,

want _____% normal morphology and _____% motility

of sperm

A

80%, 80%

46
Q

Breeding males should test negative for this

A

Brucella canis

47
Q

The normal size estimate of testes is determined

using this equation

A

Log Scrotal Width = 0.324 (logBW) + 1.249

48
Q

Most commonly used method for semen collection in the dog

A

Manual stimulation and ejaculation

49
Q

What are the 3 fractions of semen in a dog?

A

Pre-sperm

Sperm-rich

Prostatic portion

50
Q

These drugs are used in conjunction with

manual stimulation to increase sperm numbers in ejaculate

A

Oxytocin

PGF2a

51
Q

What is the breeding dose of spermatozoa

for the dog?

A

200 x 10^6

52
Q

What stain is used to assess sperm individually?

A

Eosin Nigrosin stain

53
Q

Which methods can be used to breed with

frozen semen?

A

Transcervical

Surgical (midline laparotomy)

54
Q

T/F:

Vaginal strictures/bands are a heritable defect

A

FALSE!

Developmental defect

55
Q

The term used for when

2 males breed the same female during a single estrus

resulting in a litter of pups with 2 sires

A

Superfecundation

RUSVM Therio Practice Questions (21 decks)

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