Exam 2: Canine Estrous Cycle Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

The cervix is located _______ due to its long length

intra-abdominal

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Ovary of the bitch is surrounded by significant amounts of

________

adipose tissue

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Make sure to go over this structure

during transcervical insemination (TSI),

otherwise semen will be left behind

Dorsal-Median Vaginal Fold

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The _________ bridge assesses if the bitch is in heat

cutaneous

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Puberty is _______ months in smaller breeds

but up to

_______ years in larger breeds

6-10 months- smaller breeds

2 years- larger breeds

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Maximum reproductive capability is at

___ years old

3 years old

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Puberty is defined by the ability of the

hypothalamic neurons to produce sufficient _______

GnRH

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Bitches in puberty are less likely to exhibit _____

when ovulation occurs

estrus

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What is a split or false heat?

Bitches in puberty exhibiting signs of proestrus (bleeding),

but estrus does not occur immediately afterwards

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What is silent heat?

Ovulation that occurs in the absence of proestrus-estrus

behavior or signs

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Dogs, Wolves, and Bears are monoestrus

typically having _________ estrous cycles per year

1 - 2 estrous cycles

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Which stage of Estrous is described?

Initiation of overt activity

Proestrous

(Day -9 to Day 0)

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Which stage of Estrous is described?

Time for breeding

Estrus

(Day 0 to Day 9)

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Which stage of Estrous is described?

Pregnancy or pseudopregnancy

Diestrus

(Day 9 to 2 months)

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Which stage of Estrous is described?

Period of quiescence and repair

Anestrus

(90 to 150 days after diestrus)

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Time from beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next

Inestrus period

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What is the average duration of the inestrus period?

7 months

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The absolute minimum cycle length (inestrus period)

is ________ months.

These 2 breeds are predisposed to short inestrus periods

4 months

Rottweiler, German Shepherd

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What is the maximum cycle length (inestrus period)

and what breeds are predisposed to long inestrus periods?

12 months

African Basenjis

(If longer than 12 months, investigate for cause-hyperprolacteremia)

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Vaginal _______________ epithelium

responds to estrogen

stratified squamous

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Vaginal stratified squamous epithelium is

_______ layers thick in Anestrus

2 - 4

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Vaginal stratified squamous epithelium is

________ cell layers thick by end of PROestrus

20 - 40 layers

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Vaginal stratified squamous epithelial cells that are

fully cornified

are indicative of this stage

Estrus

Onset of diestrus is characterized by the sudden

appearance of __________ cells;

a change from mostly cornified cells,

to mostly noncornified cells

parabasal

What direction do you direct the swab when harvesting cells for vaginal cytology?

Dorso-cranially

A bitch in ________ attracts males but is non-receptive

proestrus

Turgid swelling of the vulva and hemorrhagic vulvar discharge via diapedesis of RBCs through uterine vessels are physical changes seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

proestrus (coming into heat)

What hormone dominates in Proestrus?

Estrogen (Low gonadotropins- FSH,LH) (Low progesterone- \<1 ng/mL)

Day _____ in canines is the day of the LH peak

Day 0

Peak ovulation is ___ days after day of LH peak (Day 0)

2 days after

Ovulation takes ______ hours to complete

24 hours

In the bitch, a **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** (2N) is ovulated (Prophase 1) and must go through further meiotic division to a secondary oocyte (1N) BEFORE oocyte is ready for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

In the bitch, a **_primary oocyte_**(2N) is ovulated (Prophase 1) and must go through further meiotic division to a secondary oocyte (1N) BEFORE oocyte is ready for **_fertilization_**

How long is the secondary oocyte viable for fertilization?

3 - 4 days

Initial rise in P4 (Progesterone) corresponds to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ peak

What is the modern standard for breeding management?

Progesterone (P4)

Progesterone level of ________ confirms ovulations

\>15 ng/mL

Progesterone level of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ means that ovulation is starting

5 ng/mL | (or a rise of 3 ng/mL in 24 hours)

For **natural or shipped semen,** breed at ___ and\_\_\_ hours after P4 (progesterone) gets to 5 ng

48 and 96h

For **frozen semen**, breed _____ hours after P4 (progesterone) gets to 15 ng/mL or higher

72 hours

Embryos remain in oviduct for _______ days after ovulation

9 - 10 days

Canine oocytes are good for ____ hours post-ovulation, A LONG TIME

108 hours

Breed _______ days after the LH peak

T/F: LH assays are more definitive than progesterone assays

TRUE

Which assay requires daily blood samples to be taken?

LH assay

For a fertile breeding male dog, want \_\_\_\_\_% normal morphology and \_\_\_\_\_% motility of sperm

80%, 80%

Breeding males should test negative for this

*Brucella canis*

The normal size estimate of testes is determined using this equation

Log Scrotal Width = 0.324 (logBW) + 1.249

Most commonly used method for semen collection in the dog

Manual stimulation and ejaculation

What are the 3 fractions of semen in a dog?

Pre-sperm Sperm-rich Prostatic portion

These drugs are used in conjunction with manual stimulation to increase sperm numbers in ejaculate

Oxytocin PGF2a

What is the breeding dose of spermatozoa for the dog?

200 x 10^6

What stain is used to assess sperm individually?

Eosin Nigrosin stain

Which methods can be used to breed with frozen semen?

Transcervical Surgical (midline laparotomy)

T/F: Vaginal strictures/bands are a heritable defect

FALSE! Developmental defect

The term used for when 2 males breed the same female during a single estrus resulting in a litter of pups with 2 sires

Superfecundation