Exam 1: Bovine Non-Infectious Infertility Flashcards
After parturition, how long does uterine involution take?
25 - 50 days
Retained fetal membranes ______ uterine involution
delays
This is the most promising therapy to treat delayed uterine
involution but it is NOT approved in the US.
It is injected into the umbilical artery.
Collegenases
Delayed uterine involution is seen more in _______ cattle
due to decreased oxytocin release because their
calves are taken from them at birth and not suckling
every 3 hours (which stimulates oxytocin release)
dairy
Severe inflammation involving all layers of the uterus
metritis
Metritis occurs within _____ days post-calving
21
Puerperal metritis, which causes cows to
go off-feed, reduced milk, and fever (systemic)
occurs within ________ days post-calving
10
How do you treat metritis?
Systemic Abx: CEFTIOFUR (Excenel)
Chosen because NO MILK WITHDRAWAL required
Anti-inflammatory- Banamine
+/- Uterine Lavage
Inflammation of the endometrium extending
no deeper than the stratum spongiosum
Endometritis
Endometritis occurs more than ________ days post calving
21
What are the odds a cow will get endometritis
if they have retained fetal membranes?
34%
A cow with purulent vaginal discharge more
than 21 days post calving, with no systemic signs,
most likely has
endometritis
How is endometritis diagnosed?
With a Metricheck device.
If you see >50% purulent material 21 or more days postcalving,
=Score 3 Endometritis
How do you treat endometritis?
Systemic Abx-
Penicillin
Ceftiofur Sodium
Ceftiofur Crystalline Free Acid
This systemic Abx is not effective against endometritis
due to there being TONS of resistance to it in
food animals
Oxytetracycline
Which hormones can you use to treat endometritis?
PGF2a
Oxytocin
Purulent exudate within the endometrial cavity
due to persistence of a CL that occurs when
metritis, endometritis, lochia, or other contents are present
and ovulation occurs resulting in CL formation
PYOMETRA
In pyometra, uterine contents inhibit ______
and the CL is maintained
PGF2a
Pyometra discovered after NATURAL breeding
is more likely due to this bacteria
Tritrichomoniasis
How do you treat pyometra?
Remove the CL with PGF2a
True anestrus is caused by insufficient ______ stimulus
hormonal
How do you diagnose freemartinism in cows?
Probe the vagina and see it is
1/3 the length of a normal vagina
Post-partum anestrus is most common in high
producing __ cows
dairy
Post-service anestrus refers to an animal that
cycled initially, was bred, and then never cycled again.
The most common cause is
POOR NUTRITION
Thin-walled fluid filled follicular structures
>25mm are called ____________
and are caused by a follicle that developed but was
never ovulated
Ovarian Follicular Cysts
Ovarian Follicular Cysts persist for a minimum of
_______ days
10
The primary sign of ovarian follicular cysts
Anestrus
(some show nymphomania)
Cows with early ovarian follicular cysts
SELF RECOVER in _______% of cases
50
What is the etiology of ovarian follicular cysts?
GnRH surge center that is refractory to estradiol stimulation
Ovarian follicular cysts are also known as
Cystic Ovarian Degeneration (COD)
A cow in anestrus that has a 2.5 cm large fluid filled
structure but there is NO CL, and it is there for 10 days
most likely has
Ovarian Follicular Cyst
How do you treat ovarian follicular cysts?
GnRH/PGF2a
or
hCG/PGF2a
or
Progesterone (CIDR) then lyse
