Exam 1: Bovine Pregnancy Diagnosis Flashcards
What is the main reason to pregnancy check cows?
To ID open cows
for economic purposes
Transrectal palpation is used from
______ days of gestation to term
30
The direct method of retraction of the uterus is called
Hooking (the ventral intercornual ligament)
Indirect methods of uterus retraction include
Grasping the cranial edge of the broad ligament
or the
Sweeper method
What are the 4 cardinal signs of pregnancy?
Fetal membrane slip
Amniotic vesicle
Placentomes
Fetus
This is the earliest cardinal sign of pregnancy
Fetal membrane slip
Fetal membrane slip is palpable from ____ -____ days
30 - 90 days
The amniotic vesicle (a turgid vesicle)
is felt in the pregnant horn and is
first palpable at _____ days
but difficult to palpate at ______ days
first palpable- ~32 days
difficult after ~55 days
You can use the diameter of the amniotic vesicle to
gauge ___________
gestational age
maternal caruncle + fetal cotyledon = _______
placentome
Placentomes are first palpable around ______ days
80
There are about ________ placentomes
arranged in 4 rows
120
You can use the size of a placentome to gauge gestational age.
If you feel DIME sized placentomes, how many days is the cow?
90 days
You can use the size of a placentome to gauge gestational age.
If you feel NICKEL sized placentomes, how many days is the cow?
120 days
You can use the size of a placentome to gauge gestational age.
If you feel QUARTER sized placentomes,
how many days is the cow?
150 days
Always feel at least ______ placentomes before coming
to a conclusion about gestational age
3
The fetus is first palpable at ________ of gestation
55 - 65 days
Descent of the fetus begins at ______ days
70 days
Descent of the fetus is complete at _____ days
150
Ascent of the fetus begins at ______ days
210
Ascent of the fetus is complete at ______ days
240
A mouse-sized fetus is ______ days old
60 days
A cat-sized fetus is _____ days old
120
At _____ months old, the fetus is the size of a doberman
7 months (210 days)
What are the 5 SUPPORTIVE signs of pregnancy?
Asymmetry of uterine horns
Thinning and increased tone of uterine wall
Fixation of cervix
Presence of CL
Fremitus of the middle uterine artery
What does the presence of a CL tell you?
That the cow has ovulated and there is a CL present.
If she is pregnant, the ovary with the CL will be on the same side
as the pregnant horn.
What does fremitus of the middle uterine artery indicate?
increased blood flow to the uterus
The middle uterine artery is moveable and
found in the ______ ligament
broad
T/F:
You can age gestation using fremitus of the middle uterine artery
TRUE!
Use the diameter!
If the middle uterine artery is 9mm in diameter
and you only feel fremitus on one side,
how old is the fetus?
5 months
If the middle uterine artery is 12mm in diameter
and you feel fremitus on both sides, but one is larger,
how old is the fetus?
6 months
If the middle uterine artery is 12mm in diameter
and you feel fremitus on both sides equally
how old is the fetus?
7 months
Estimating the age of the fetus is most accurate
during the ________ half of gestation
FIRST half!
When palpating, one risk is an
aggressive membrane slip
which may terminate the pregnancy via _______ release
PGF2a
Ultrasound can confirm pregnancy as early as ____days
24
You can determine fetal gender
with ultrasound at
____-____ days
55 - 80 days
Bovine pregnancy specific protein B
is secreted by trophoblastic cells
and is detectable by ________ days after breeding
(BioPRYN)
30
This test tests blood or milk for the ABSENCE of P4 to
ID open cows, even though it
can detect pregnancy 20 to 24d post-breeding.
It’s not useful for pregnancy dx due to many false results.
Progesterone
This test tests milk or blood for
a product of the placenta, and is only used to detect pregnancy
in cows (that cannot be palpated) after 100 days
Estrone sulfate
