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RUSVM Therio Practice Questions > Exam 1: Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Exam 1: Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Oocytes and follicles produce hormones called

__________

A

Estrogens (Estradiol)

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2
Q

After ovulation, this temporary endocrine structure develops

and produces progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

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3
Q

The cortex and medulla of the ovaries are

reversed in this species

A

Horses

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4
Q

The ovulation fossa is unique to this species of animal

A

Horses

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5
Q

The _________,

which is completely separate from the ovary

in sheep and cows, opens into the abdominal space

resulting in an oocyte having to migrate

through the abdominal space to reach it.

A

infundibulum

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6
Q

The space between the ovary, mesovarium, and mesosalpinx

is known as the ________ ________

A

ovarian bursa

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7
Q

The ovarian bursa occludes access to the ovary in

this species of animal

A

dogs

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8
Q

In females, the _______ is the location

for functional reserve of sperm in the repro tract

A

isthmus

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9
Q

The isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum

make up this structure

A

Uterine tube

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10
Q

Humans have a simplex type uterus while

horses, cows, dogs, cats, and sheep have

a ________ type uterus

A

Bicornuate

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11
Q

This species of animal has 3 vaginas:

2 lateral vaginas, and 1 median vagina.

A

Kangaroos!

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12
Q

This species of animal has 2 individual uteruses,

which can individually get endometritis.

A

Rabbits!

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13
Q

In cows, the uterine horns are curved,

but there is a

greater degree of curling under ________ stimulation

and straighter, firmer horns under ________ stimulation

A

more curling - progesterone

straighter, firmer - estradiol

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14
Q

This is a permanent anatomic feature in cows

and its sole purpose is to wait until pregnancy

and fuse to cotelydons on the placental side.

A

Caruncles

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15
Q

This anatomical feature in cows can be mistaken for

the urethra, but unlike the urethra,

it ends in an inch long blind sac.

A

Suburethral diverticulum

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16
Q

In ruminants, there is a countercurrent exchange

mechanism between these 2 vascular structures,

which allows for direct transfer of PG

A

Uterine VEIN

Ovarian ARTERY

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17
Q

This vascular structure in cows is located in the broad

ligament and can create a palpable thrill called fremitus

when the animal is pregnant.

A

Uterine artery

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18
Q

This artery is prone to injury during dystocia in cows.

A

Vaginal artery

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19
Q

This species of animal has an extremely long uterus

with an interdigitated cervix

which the male has to get through in order to ejaculate

directly into the uterus

A

Pigs

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20
Q

In horses,

this structure attaches dorsally to the uterus

and the uterus hangs below it

A

Broad ligament

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21
Q

Endometrial biopsies are most commonly

performed in this species

A

Horses

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22
Q

Where is prostaglandin (PG) metabolized?

A

The lungs

23
Q

Do horses or cows metabolize

prostaglandin faster

A

Cows metabolize PG much faster than horses do

(which is why horses require less PG clinically)

24
Q

Most species develop oocytes in the ________ of the ovary

except for horses, who develop them in the ________

A

most species- cortex

horses- medulla

25
Q

In the ______ follicle

the oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of

squamous cells.

The oocyte has stopped multiplying by mitosis

and is in prophase 1 of meiosis 1

A

primordial

26
Q

In the ______ follicle

the oocyte is surrounded by a single layer of

cuboidal cells.

Occurs when the resting follicle is activated;

cells surrounding it show signs of life

A

primary

27
Q

In the ______ follicle,

the oocyte is surrounded by 2 or more layers and has a

zona pellucida (semi translucent proteinaceous shell)

A

secondary

28
Q

In the ________ follicle,

fluid accumulates within a cavity formed by follicular cells

A

antral

29
Q

Development of a committed follicle requires

________ hormone support

A

gonadotropin

30
Q

The _______ follicle is composed of the

theca externa

theca interna

granulosa cells

and the

corona radiata

A

antral

31
Q

This portion of the antral follicle

produces androgens

under LH stimulation

A

Theca interna

32
Q

This portion of the antral follicle

produces estrogen, inhibin, and follicular fluid

in response to FSH

A

Granulosa cells

33
Q

The single layer of cells that surrounds the antral follicle

is known as the

A

corona radiata

34
Q

In the cow, immediately after ovulation there is a small

blip of GnRH and FSH.

FSH recruits FSH-responsive follicles called a cohort or ______.

These continue to grow and their antrums/follicles get larger.

A

WAVE

35
Q

In the cow, after the FSH-responsive follicle wave,

ONE of those follicles gets bigger than the rest

and continues to grow

followed by the demise of the rest of the follicles in that wave.

The large follicle is _______ and the ones that

regress are called ________.

This period is called divergence.

A

Large follicle = DOMINANT

Regressed follicles = SUBMISSIVE

Divergence Period

36
Q

After the divergence period, if the cow is pregnant,

there will be large circulating levels of ________.

If there is none of this, luteolysis will occur.

A

Progesterone

37
Q

Cows undergo ______ waves,

due to there being one dominant follicle.

Humans and horses undergo ______ waves,

due to multiple follicles emerging synchronously. If none

of those become dominant,

they all undergo _______ synchronously.

A

Cows- MAJOR waves

Humans, Horses- MINOR waves

ATRESIA synchronously

38
Q

Most mammals are born with oogenesis

at the ______ oocyte stage,

except for rabbits, ferrets, and hamsters

which are in the oogonia-stage.

A

primary

39
Q

Oocyte growth is complete at the

stage of __________ formation

A

ANTRUM

40
Q

In most mammals, the ovulation stage occurs

after the oocyte enters the

second ________ division.

A

Meiotic

41
Q

In most mammals, the ovulation stage occurs

after the oocyte enters the

second meiotic division,

but in DOGS, the oocyte is ovulated at

__________, before completion of meiosis 1

A

Metaphase 1

42
Q

In dogs, because the oocyte is ovulated at

metaphase 1,

sperm penetration occurs at a stage

________ than ovulation in most other species.

A

EARLIER

43
Q

The oocyte and _________ mass

are moved into the infundibulum of the uterine tube

by fimbria.

The cells of this mass are what the sperm has to penetrate

for fertilization to occur!

A

cumulus mass

44
Q

Fertilization occurs in the ________ of the uterine tube

A

ampulla

45
Q

GnRH is produced in the

A

hypothalamus

46
Q

The anterior pituitary is known as the

A

Adenohypophysis

47
Q

The posterior pituitary is known as the

A

Neurohypophysis

48
Q

The anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

produces which hormones?

A

FSH, LH, Prolactin

49
Q

Oxytocin is produced in the

A

Posterior pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

50
Q

GnRH causes release of which 2 hormones?

A

FSH and LH

51
Q

FSH and LH cause follicular development

and the follicle starts to produce ________

A

estradiol

52
Q

Estradiol at a certain concentration has a

NEGATIVE feedback on FSH and LH.

If estradiol gets to a certain threshold,

it activates the __________ of the hypothalamus

which leads to MORE LH release until an

ovulatory event occurs

A

surge center

53
Q

After the ovulatory event, ______ goes away

and the positive feedback loop of the HPGA stops.

A

estradiol

RUSVM Therio Practice Questions (21 decks)

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