Exam 1: Hormones

Question 1

Estradiol 17B is metabolized here

Answer 1

LIVER

Question 2

This horse-specific estrogen is synthesized in large amounts

by the placenta in pregnancy and can be given PO

Answer 2

Equilin, equilinin

Question 3

Progesterone is produced mainly by the ovary,

but specifically by the _________

Answer 3

corpus luteum

Question 4

What is the critical function of progesterone?

Answer 4

Maintenance of pregnancy

Question 5

5-a-dihydroprogesterone is a proestagen

that is critical for maintenance of pregnancy in

which species?

Answer 5

horses

Question 6

The reason for demise of progesterone is the production

of _________ from the uterus

Answer 6

PGF2a

Question 7

The dominant follicle differs from other follicles

because they have _______ receptors,

Answer 7

dominant follicle has LH receptors

(the others are FSH dependent)

Question 8

The dominant follicle starts making more

estradiol and inhibin

which suppresses ________

so that the subordinate follicles undergo ATRESIA

Answer 8

FSH

Question 9

What are the 3 reproductive

STEROID hormones?

Answer 9

Estradiol (E2)

Progesterone (P4)

Testosterone (T)

Question 10

Estradiol is produced

in the ovary by __________ cells in females

and in the testis by __________ cells in males

Answer 10

Estradiol

granulosa cells- females

sertoli cells- males

Question 11

Progesterone is produced by which 2 structures?

Answer 11

Corpus luteum

and

Placenta

Question 12

Testosterone

is produced by the _________ cells

in the theca interna

Answer 12

Leydig cells

Question 13

What are the 6 reproductive

GLYCOPROTEIN hormones?

Answer 13

Inhibin

Activin

LH

FSH

hCG

eCG

IE HALF

Question 14

Inhibin, a glycoprotein hormone,

is responsible for inhibition of _______

Answer 14

FSH

Question 15

Inhibin is produced by

the ________ cells of the ovary in females

and by

the ________ cells of the testis in males

Answer 15

Inhibin

granulosa cells- females

sertoli cells- males

Question 16

Activin stimulates ________ secretion

Answer 16

FSH

Question 17

Activin is produced by which 3 structures?

Answer 17

Granulosa cells

Sertoli cells

Placenta

Question 18

This reproductive hormone is a

DECAPEPTIDE

Answer 18

GnRH

Question 19

GnRH is produced by the

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

GnRH controls the release of _____ and ______

Answer 20

FSH, LH

Question 21

The target of GnRH is the _____ pituitary

Answer 21

anterior

(controls release of FSH and LH)

Question 22

LH, produced by the anterior pituitary,

targets the ________ cells of the testis in males

and the _______ and ________ cells in females

Answer 22

LH, produced by the anterior pituitary,

targets the Leydig cells of the testis in males

and the theca interna and luteal cells in females

Question 23

What is the action of LH in males?

Answer 23

stimulate testosterone production

Question 24

What is the action of LH in females?

Answer 24

Androgen and Progesterone production

and

Ovulation

Question 25

FSH targets the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells of the testis in males and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells of the ovary in females

Answer 25

**sertoli** cells **granulosa** cells

Question 26

What is the action of FSH in males?

Answer 26

Sertoli cell function and estradiol synthesis

Question 27

What is the action of FSH in females?

Answer 27

Follicle development and estradiol synthesis

Question 28

Prolactin (PRL) is a luteotrophic hormone produced by the _______ cells of the *anterior pituitary*

Answer 28

lactotrope

Question 29

Prolactin targets which 2 structures in males?

Answer 29

Testis and brain

Question 30

Prolactin targets these 3 things in females

Answer 30

Mammary cells Corpus luteum Brain

Question 31

This hormone is an octapeptide synthesized in the hypothalamus, stored/secreted by the *posterior* pituitary, and synthesized in the CL

Answer 31

Oxytocin

Question 32

This hormone acts on the epididymal tail, ductus deferens, and ampulla to control PGF2a synthesis and ejaculation in males

Answer 32

Oxytocin

Question 33

This hormone acts on the myometrium, endometrium, and mammary glands to control uterine motility, PGF2a synthesis, and milk ejection in females

Answer 33

Oxytocin

Question 34

Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) is a lipid hormone produced by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in females and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in males

Answer 34

endometrium- females accessory glands- males

Question 35

What is the function of PGF2a in males?

Answer 35

sperm metabolism, epididymal contraction

Question 36

What is the function of PGF2a in females?

Answer 36

Luteolysis, myometrial contraction, ovulation

Question 37

This lipid hormone is a luteotrophic that controls ovulation and embryo movement by acting on the follicle, CL, and uterine tubes.

Answer 37

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Question 38

What are the 4 sources of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)?

Answer 38

Ovary Uterus Embryo Placenta

Question 39

This glycoprotein hormone is produced by the **trophoblast (chorion)** and targets the fetal testis and ovary

Answer 39

hCG | (Human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 40

This glycoprotein hormone is produced by the chorionic girdle cells (endometrial cups) and targets the ovary to act on the accessory CL

Answer 40

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG)