Exam 2: Reproductive Intoxicants

Question 1

What 4 reproductive toxicant plants

are known as teratogens?

Answer 1

Locoweed

Poison Hemlock

Lupines

Tree Tobacco

Question 2

What 4 reproductive toxicant plants

cause abortions?

Answer 2

Locoweed

Nitrates

Ponderosa Pine

Broomweed

Question 3

What 2 reproductive toxicant plants can cause infertility?

Answer 3

Locoweed

Fescue

Question 4

Conium maculatum is better known as

Answer 4

Poison Hemlock

Question 5

Ingestion of Poison Hemlock _______ days into gestation

can result in CROOKED CALF SYNDROME

Answer 5

50 - 75 days

Question 6

Anagyrine (Lupinus caudatus) and

Ammondendrine (Lupinus formosus)

are plants categorizes as:

Answer 6

Lupines (teratogenic)

Question 7

Ingestion of Lupines by COWS ONLY (not small ruminants)

between ______ days of gestation

can result in severe limb and spinal deformities, and cleft palate.

Answer 7

40 - 70 days

Question 8

Ingestion of Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)

between 50 - 75 days gestation

is teratogenic and can cause these deformities in calves

Answer 8

Arthrogryposis of forelimbs and curvature of spine

Question 9

Astralagus and Oxytropis are _______ plants

Answer 9

Locoweed

Question 10

What toxin is in Locoweed?

Answer 10

SWAINSONINE

Question 11

Which plant causes most economic loss than any

other plants?

Answer 11

Locoweed

Question 12

What signs may be seen in Locoweed ingestion

(must be ingested for 4 - 6 weeks)

Answer 12

Neurologic signs

Abortion

Fetal abnormalities (Hyrops, Arthrogryposis)

Question 13

Up to ____% of cattle grazing on Locoweed abort

Answer 13

40%

Question 14

What toxic agent is in Ponderosa Pine?

Answer 14

Isocupressic Acid

Question 15

Up to ____% of cattle grazing on ponderosa pines

abort

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

> ______ days of ingestion of ponderosa pine

is needed to cause abortion in cattle

Answer 16

> 3 days

Question 17

The toxic agent of this plant

causes vasoconstriction of caruncles and hemorrhagic placentitis

Answer 17

Ponderosa Pine (Isocupressic Acid)

Question 18

Gutierrezia spp. of plant is better known as

Answer 18

Broomweed or Snakeweed

Question 19

This plant, first to bloom in the spring, includes

diterpenes, saponins, and oxygenated flavonol methyl esters,

and results in abortion and retained fetal membranes

Answer 19

Broomweed/Snakeweed

Question 20

Fescue infected by this fungus,

produces toxic alkaloids like Ergovaline,

and causes peripheral vasoconstriction

Answer 20

Neotyphodium coenophialum

Question 21

“Summer Slump” in cattle is caused by this agent, and

results in decreased fertility and decreased milk production

Answer 21

Fescue infected with fungus Neotyphodium coenophilaum

Question 22

__________ accumulates in plants like

Johnson grass

Sudan grass

Oats, Wheat, Corn

due to exposure to fertilizers

Answer 22

Nitrates

Question 23

Rumen microbes increase toxic nitrates and results in this condition

Answer 23

Methemoglobinemia

Question 24

How is nitrate toxicosis diagnosed?

Answer 24

By testing OCULAR fluid of aborted calf

Question 25

This agent, that accumulates in plants,

causes late gestation abortions and

fetal hypoxia and death

Answer 25

Nitrates

Question 26

Nitrate toxicity is prevented by testing hay

and discarding any hay that tests greater than ______%

Answer 26

Greater than 1% = toxic

Question 27

How do pyrethroid insecticides used in cattle to combat pests

cause infertility?

Answer 27

Pyrethroids are metabolized by the same group of enzymes that

clear steroid hormones, and can cause infertility if sex steroid

profiles are disrupted.

(If used at proper doses and route of admin–> safe)