Exam 2: Reproductive Intoxicants Flashcards
What 4 reproductive toxicant plants
are known as teratogens?
Locoweed
Poison Hemlock
Lupines
Tree Tobacco
What 4 reproductive toxicant plants
cause abortions?
Locoweed
Nitrates
Ponderosa Pine
Broomweed
What 2 reproductive toxicant plants can cause infertility?
Locoweed
Fescue
Conium maculatum is better known as
Poison Hemlock
Ingestion of Poison Hemlock _______ days into gestation
can result in CROOKED CALF SYNDROME
50 - 75 days
Anagyrine (Lupinus caudatus) and
Ammondendrine (Lupinus formosus)
are plants categorizes as:
Lupines (teratogenic)
Ingestion of Lupines by COWS ONLY (not small ruminants)
between ______ days of gestation
can result in severe limb and spinal deformities, and cleft palate.
40 - 70 days
Ingestion of Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca)
between 50 - 75 days gestation
is teratogenic and can cause these deformities in calves
Arthrogryposis of forelimbs and curvature of spine
Astralagus and Oxytropis are _______ plants
Locoweed
What toxin is in Locoweed?
SWAINSONINE
Which plant causes most economic loss than any
other plants?
Locoweed
What signs may be seen in Locoweed ingestion
(must be ingested for 4 - 6 weeks)
Neurologic signs
Abortion
Fetal abnormalities (Hyrops, Arthrogryposis)
Up to ____% of cattle grazing on Locoweed abort
40%
What toxic agent is in Ponderosa Pine?
Isocupressic Acid
Up to ____% of cattle grazing on ponderosa pines
abort
50%
> ______ days of ingestion of ponderosa pine
is needed to cause abortion in cattle
> 3 days
The toxic agent of this plant
causes vasoconstriction of caruncles and hemorrhagic placentitis
Ponderosa Pine (Isocupressic Acid)
Gutierrezia spp. of plant is better known as
Broomweed or Snakeweed
This plant, first to bloom in the spring, includes
diterpenes, saponins, and oxygenated flavonol methyl esters,
and results in abortion and retained fetal membranes
Broomweed/Snakeweed
Fescue infected by this fungus,
produces toxic alkaloids like Ergovaline,
and causes peripheral vasoconstriction
Neotyphodium coenophialum
“Summer Slump” in cattle is caused by this agent, and
results in decreased fertility and decreased milk production
Fescue infected with fungus Neotyphodium coenophilaum
__________ accumulates in plants like
Johnson grass
Sudan grass
Oats, Wheat, Corn
due to exposure to fertilizers
Nitrates
Rumen microbes increase toxic nitrates and results in this condition
Methemoglobinemia
How is nitrate toxicosis diagnosed?
By testing OCULAR fluid of aborted calf
This agent, that accumulates in plants,
causes late gestation abortions and
fetal hypoxia and death
Nitrates
Nitrate toxicity is prevented by testing hay
and discarding any hay that tests greater than ______%
Greater than 1% = toxic
How do pyrethroid insecticides used in cattle to combat pests
cause infertility?
Pyrethroids are metabolized by the same group of enzymes that
clear steroid hormones, and can cause infertility if sex steroid
profiles are disrupted.
(If used at proper doses and route of admin–> safe)
