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RUSVM Therio Practice Questions > Exam 2: Non-Infectious and Infectious Infertility in Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Exam 2: Non-Infectious and Infectious Infertility in Sheep and Goats Flashcards

1
Q

Veratrum californicum is better known as

__________

A

Skunk Cabbage

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2
Q

What is the toxic principle of Skunk Cabbage?

A

Alkaloid –> CYCLOPAMINE

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3
Q

Skunk Cabbage (Veratrum californicum)

causes _______ if ingested early in gestation,

and causes ________ if ingested between

days 12 - 14 of gestation

A

Skunk Cabbage (Veratrum californicum)

causes Early Embryonic Death if ingested early in gestation,

and causes Cyclops if ingested between

days 12 - 14 of gestation

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4
Q

What are some consequences of

Locoweed (Astralagus and Oxytropis) ingestion

in sheep and goats?

A

Abortion

Arthrogryposis

Decreased spermatogenesis in ram - infertility

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5
Q

What are some consequences of

Broomweed (Guterrezia) ingestion

in sheep and goats?

A

Abortion

Retained fetal membranes

Arthrogryposis

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6
Q

What are some consequences of

Subterranean Clover and Alfalfa ingestion

in sheep and goats?

A

Estrogen-producing plants –> Hyperestrogenism

Clovers –> Vaginal prolapse (sheep)

Abnormal estrous cycling (sheep)

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7
Q

Mucometra, Hydrometra, and Cloudburst

are all names for this condition

A

Pseudopregnancy

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8
Q

Pseudopregnancy is only seen in

______

A

GOATS

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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pseudopregnancy?

A

Prolonged luteal phase in goats –>

retained CL, causes uterus to fill up with hyperechoic fluid

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10
Q

What clinical signs are seen with pseudopregnancy in goats?

A

Anestrus

Increased abdominal size

Udder development

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11
Q

How is pseudopregnancy treated?

A

PGF2a

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12
Q

What is the reservoir for Bluetongue (Orbivirus)?

A

Cattle

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13
Q

How is Bluetongue (Orbivirus) transmitted?

A

Culicoides (biting midges)

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14
Q

A sheep presents with a swollen face, ears, and tongue.

You notice ulceration of the coronary band, mouth, and nose.

What is your primary ddx and what do you do first?

A

Bluetongue (Orbivirus)

CALL FEDERAL VETS

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15
Q

Hairy shaker lambs are associated with this virus

A

Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus)

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16
Q

How is Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus) transmitted?

A

ORAL transmission

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17
Q

What effects can Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus)

have on the fetus?

A

Depending on time fetus was infected:

EED, Resorption, Mummies, Congenital defects, PI ANIMALS

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18
Q

Hairy shaker lambs, with hairy, darker fleece,

usually have these

neurologic congenital defects

A

Hydraencephaly, Cerebellar Hypoplasia

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19
Q

How is Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus) diagnosed?

A

Viral isolation

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20
Q

What part of the US is Cache Valley Disease seen?

A

Southwest US

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21
Q

How is Cache Valley Disease transmitted?

A

Mosquitos

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22
Q

What is the most common abnormality seen in fetuses with

Cache Valley Disease?

A

Arthrogryposis

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23
Q

What congenital defects are seen in fetuses with

Cache Valley Disease?

A

Arthrogryposis

Brachygnathia

Hydra/Microencephaly

Spinal cord hypoplasia

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24
Q

How is Akabene Virus transmitted?

A

Culicoides AND mosquitos

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25
Q

Where is Akabene Virus found?

A

Australia, Africa, Asia

26
Q

What clinical signs are seen in a dam

with Cache Valley disease?

A

Fever, depression

27
Q

What clinical signs are seen in a dam with

Akabene Virus?

A

NONE seen in dam

28
Q

What is the most common congenital defect

seen in fetuses with Akabene Virus?

A

Arthrogryposis

29
Q

Brucella ________ infects goats

while

Brucella ________ infects sheep

A

Brucella _melitensis_ infects goats

while

Brucella _ovis_ infects sheep

30
Q

Brucella _______ is zoonotic

while

Brucella ________ is not

A

Brucella _ovis_ is zoonotic

while

Brucella melitensis is not

31
Q

Brucella ________ has a LOW incidence in North America

while

Brucella _________ is widespread in western North America

A

Brucella melitensis has a LOW incidence in North America

while

Brucella ovis is widespread in western North America

32
Q

Brucella ovis causes _________ in rams

A

epididymitis

33
Q

T/F:

Brucella is rarely a cause of abortion in sheep and goats

A

TRUE

34
Q

T/F:

Campylobacter is zoonotic

A

TRUE

35
Q

This is the most significant cause of abortion in SHEEP

in North America, especially in Western USA!

It causes LARGE OUTBREAKS of abortion

and is rare in goats

A

Campylobacter fetus fetus

36
Q

How is Campylobacter fetus fetus transmitted?

A

FETAL FLUIDS

(1 abortion can cause an abortion storm)

37
Q

T/F:

Campylobacter fetus fetus causes clinical signs in sheep

A

FALSE

38
Q

When are abortions seen in cases of

Campylobacter fetus fetus infection?

A

LATE term abortions

39
Q

What is the causative agent of these

targeted “donut lesions” in the liver of a sheep?

A

Campylobacter fetus fetus

40
Q

How do you control an outbreak of

Campylobacter fetus fetus?

A

TETRACYCLINES + remove pregnant sheep

41
Q

When do you vaccinate for Campylobacter fetus fetus?

A

Before breeding and a booster

42
Q

This is the most important cause of abortion in GOATS

A

Chlamydophila abortus

43
Q

Chlamydophila abortus can cause _____ abortion in sheep

A

enzootic

44
Q

T/F:

Chlamydophila abortus is zoonotic

A

TRUE

45
Q

Other than late term abortion and placentitis,

what other complications are seen with

Chlamydophila abortus infection?

A

Pneumonia

Keratoconjunctivitis

Epididymitis

Polyarthritis (DAMS)

46
Q

What lesions are seen on the placenta of

an animal infected with Chlamydophila abortus?

A

NECROTIC PLACENTITIS of cotyledonary and intercotyledonary

areas: almost the whole placenta!

47
Q

What stain is used on histopath to diagnose

Chlamydophila abortus?

A

Zeil Neilson stain

48
Q

How is Chlamydophila abortus treated and prevented?

A

Outbreak- TETRACYCLINE

Vaccination

49
Q

This obligate intracellular rickettsial organism

is zoonotic and causes Q Fever (Queensland Fever)

A

Coxiella burnetii

50
Q

How is Coxiella burnetii transmitted?

A

Any fluid,

Oral, Resp, Semen,

Ticks

51
Q

Coxiella burnetii is usually subclinical,

but occasionally, abortion outbreaks occur.

Abortion outbreaks are more commonly seen in

__________

A

GOATS

52
Q

How is Coxiella burnetii treated?

A

Tetracyclines

53
Q

What do the placental lesions look like in an animal

infected with Coxiella burnetii?

What other infectious agent is this similar to?

A

Necrotizing placentitis of cotyledonary and intercotyledonary spaces

(Like Chlamydophila abortus)

54
Q

Listeria monocytogenes, seen in rotting hay

and improperly stored silage, is zoonotic.

Ewes are ill and NEURO signs are seen.

How is this treated?

A

Tetracyclines

55
Q

Toxoplasma gondii is more commonly seen in ________

A

GOATS

56
Q

Toxoplasma gondii is zoonotic and is transmitted

via

A

raw goat milk

aborted fetuses

placentas

57
Q

Toxoplasma gondii can cause

encephalitis and blindness in ________

A

human fetuses

58
Q

If the dam is infected by Toxoplasma gondii

during Day 30 - 90 of gestation,

what effects does it have on the fetus?

A

Resorption or mummification

59
Q

If the dam is infected by Toxoplasma gondii

during the last half of gestation,

what effects does it have on the fetus?

A

ABORTION

60
Q

Describe the placental lesions caused by

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Placenta looks like CHEESE AND PEPPERONI:

Normal intercotyledonary areas.

Cotyledons have white to yellow small areas of focal necrosis

61
Q

How is Toxoplasma gondii diagnosed?

A

Culture from fetus, placenta

Serology

RUSVM Therio Practice Questions (21 decks)

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