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RUSVM Therio Practice Questions > Exam 2: Non-Infectious and Infectious Infertility in Sheep and Goats > Flashcards

Exam 2: Non-Infectious and Infectious Infertility in Sheep and Goats Flashcards

1
Q

Veratrum californicum is better known as

__________

A

Skunk Cabbage

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2
Q

What is the toxic principle of Skunk Cabbage?

A

Alkaloid –> CYCLOPAMINE

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3
Q

Skunk Cabbage (Veratrum californicum)

causes _______ if ingested early in gestation,

and causes ________ if ingested between

days 12 - 14 of gestation

A

Skunk Cabbage (Veratrum californicum)

causes Early Embryonic Death if ingested early in gestation,

and causes Cyclops if ingested between

days 12 - 14 of gestation

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4
Q

What are some consequences of

Locoweed (Astralagus and Oxytropis) ingestion

in sheep and goats?

A

Abortion

Arthrogryposis

Decreased spermatogenesis in ram - infertility

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5
Q

What are some consequences of

Broomweed (Guterrezia) ingestion

in sheep and goats?

A

Abortion

Retained fetal membranes

Arthrogryposis

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6
Q

What are some consequences of

Subterranean Clover and Alfalfa ingestion

in sheep and goats?

A

Estrogen-producing plants –> Hyperestrogenism

Clovers –> Vaginal prolapse (sheep)

Abnormal estrous cycling (sheep)

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7
Q

Mucometra, Hydrometra, and Cloudburst

are all names for this condition

A

Pseudopregnancy

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8
Q

Pseudopregnancy is only seen in

______

A

GOATS

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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pseudopregnancy?

A

Prolonged luteal phase in goats –>

retained CL, causes uterus to fill up with hyperechoic fluid

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10
Q

What clinical signs are seen with pseudopregnancy in goats?

A

Anestrus

Increased abdominal size

Udder development

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11
Q

How is pseudopregnancy treated?

A

PGF2a

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12
Q

What is the reservoir for Bluetongue (Orbivirus)?

A

Cattle

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13
Q

How is Bluetongue (Orbivirus) transmitted?

A

Culicoides (biting midges)

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14
Q

A sheep presents with a swollen face, ears, and tongue.

You notice ulceration of the coronary band, mouth, and nose.

What is your primary ddx and what do you do first?

A

Bluetongue (Orbivirus)

CALL FEDERAL VETS

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15
Q

Hairy shaker lambs are associated with this virus

A

Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus)

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16
Q

How is Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus) transmitted?

A

ORAL transmission

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17
Q

What effects can Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus)

have on the fetus?

A

Depending on time fetus was infected:

EED, Resorption, Mummies, Congenital defects, PI ANIMALS

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18
Q

Hairy shaker lambs, with hairy, darker fleece,

usually have these

neurologic congenital defects

A

Hydraencephaly, Cerebellar Hypoplasia

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19
Q

How is Border Disease Virus (Pestivirus) diagnosed?

A

Viral isolation

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20
Q

What part of the US is Cache Valley Disease seen?

A

Southwest US

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21
Q

How is Cache Valley Disease transmitted?

A

Mosquitos

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22
Q

What is the most common abnormality seen in fetuses with

Cache Valley Disease?

A

Arthrogryposis

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23
Q

What congenital defects are seen in fetuses with

Cache Valley Disease?

A

Arthrogryposis

Brachygnathia

Hydra/Microencephaly

Spinal cord hypoplasia

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24
Q

How is Akabene Virus transmitted?

A

Culicoides AND mosquitos

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25
Where is Akabene Virus found?
Australia, Africa, Asia
26
What clinical signs are seen in a dam with Cache Valley disease?
Fever, depression
27
What clinical signs are seen in a dam with Akabene Virus?
NONE seen in dam
28
What is the most common congenital defect seen in fetuses with Akabene Virus?
Arthrogryposis
29
*Brucella \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* infects goats while *Brucella \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* infects sheep
*Brucella **_melitensis_*** infects goats while *Brucella **_ovis_*** infects sheep
30
*Brucella \_\_\_\_\_\_\_* is zoonotic while *Brucella \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* is not
*Brucella **_ovis_*** is **zoonotic** while *Brucella _melitensis_* is not
31
*Brucella \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* has a LOW incidence in North America while *Brucella \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_* is widespread in western North America
*Brucella _melitensis_* has a LOW incidence in North America while *Brucella _ovis_* is widespread in western North America
32
*Brucella ovis* causes _________ in rams
epididymitis
33
T/F: *Brucella* is rarely a cause of abortion in sheep and goats
TRUE
34
T/F: *Campylobacter* is zoonotic
TRUE
35
This is the most significant cause of abortion in SHEEP in North America, especially in Western USA! It causes LARGE OUTBREAKS of abortion and is rare in goats
*Campylobacter fetus fetus*
36
How is *Campylobacter fetus fetus* transmitted?
FETAL FLUIDS (1 abortion can cause an abortion storm)
37
T/F: *Campylobacter fetus fetus* causes clinical signs in sheep
FALSE
38
When are abortions seen in cases of *Campylobacter fetus fetus* infection?
LATE term abortions
39
What is the causative agent of these targeted "donut lesions" in the liver of a sheep?
*Campylobacter fetus fetus*
40
How do you control an outbreak of ## Footnote *Campylobacter fetus fetus?*
TETRACYCLINES + remove pregnant sheep
41
When do you vaccinate for *Campylobacter fetus fetus?*
Before breeding and a booster
42
This is the most important cause of abortion in GOATS
*Chlamydophila abortus*
43
*Chlamydophila abortus* can cause _____ abortion in sheep
enzootic
44
T/F: *Chlamydophila abortus* is zoonotic
TRUE
45
Other than late term abortion and placentitis, what other complications are seen with *Chlamydophila abortus* infection?
Pneumonia Keratoconjunctivitis Epididymitis Polyarthritis (DAMS)
46
What lesions are seen on the placenta of an animal infected with *Chlamydophila abortus?*
NECROTIC PLACENTITIS of cotyledonary and intercotyledonary areas: almost the whole placenta!
47
What stain is used on histopath to diagnose ## Footnote *Chlamydophila abortus?*
Zeil Neilson stain
48
How is *Chlamydophila abortus* treated and prevented?
Outbreak- TETRACYCLINE Vaccination
49
This obligate intracellular rickettsial organism is zoonotic and causes **Q Fever** (Queensland Fever)
*Coxiella burnetii*
50
How is *Coxiella burnetii* transmitted?
Any fluid, Oral, Resp, Semen, Ticks
51
*Coxiella burnetii* is usually subclinical, but occasionally, abortion outbreaks occur. Abortion outbreaks are more commonly seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
GOATS
52
How is *Coxiella burnetii* treated?
Tetracyclines
53
What do the placental lesions look like in an animal infected with *Coxiella burnetii?* What other infectious agent is this similar to?
Necrotizing placentitis of cotyledonary and intercotyledonary spaces (Like *Chlamydophila abortus*)
54
*Listeria monocytogenes*, seen in rotting hay and improperly stored silage, is zoonotic. Ewes are ill and NEURO signs are seen. How is this treated?
Tetracyclines
55
*Toxoplasma gondii* is more commonly seen in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
GOATS
56
*Toxoplasma gondii* is zoonotic and is transmitted via
raw goat milk aborted fetuses placentas
57
*Toxoplasma gondii* can cause encephalitis and blindness in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
human fetuses
58
If the dam is infected by *Toxoplasma gondii* during Day **30 - 90** of gestation, what effects does it have on the fetus?
Resorption or mummification
59
If the dam is infected by Toxoplasma gondii during the last half of gestation, what effects does it have on the fetus?
ABORTION
60
Describe the placental lesions caused by ## Footnote *Toxoplasma gondii*
Placenta looks like CHEESE AND PEPPERONI: **Normal intercotyledonary** areas. Cotyledons have white to yellow small areas of focal necrosis
61
How is *Toxoplasma gondii* diagnosed?
Culture from fetus, placenta Serology

RUSVM Therio Practice Questions (21 decks)

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