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biology > exam 2 / semester exam > Flashcards

exam 2 / semester exam Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

The system of the body designed specifically for
homeostasis is

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

what is the outermost layer of skin called?

A

epidermis

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4
Q

what is the second layer of skin called?

A

dermis

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5
Q

what is the third and most internal layer of skin called?

A

subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

what are the three purposes of skin?

A

protection
communication
secretion

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7
Q

what is the pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?

A

melanin

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8
Q

what strengthens the skin and causes callouses?

A

keratin

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9
Q

what does extreme over exposure to the sun cause

A

skin cancer

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10
Q

what is the most dangerous form of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

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11
Q

Sebaceous glands are usually associated with each
hair follicle. These glands produce _________ an oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible

A

sebum

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12
Q

what regulates the body’s temperature and is part of the excretory system

A

sweat glands

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13
Q

what is the removement of waste in the human body

A

excretion

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14
Q

what is the most important excretion organ in the body

A

kidneys

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15
Q

the kidneys are made up of millions of little workers called

A

nephrons

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16
Q

renal tubule. In this tube, glucose molecules, hormones, and other useful substances are removed from the filtered fluid and returned to the blood. The return of these molecules is called

A

reabsorption

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17
Q

Urea mixed with=the water is called

A

urine

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18
Q

If the blood pressure drops too low, the kidneys may have difficulty functioning. what brings up the blood pressure

A

renin

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19
Q

The regulation of water reabsorption is controlled by
the brain using

A

ADH

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20
Q

the fake kidney is called a

A

artificial kidney and or a dialyzer

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21
Q

what does the artificial kidney perform?

A

dialysis

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22
Q

This system communicates, not using electrochemical impulses, but using chemicals released into the bloodstream

A

endoctorine system

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23
Q

what are the chemical messengers of the body

A

hormones

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24
Q

is sometimes called the master gland because it affects the other endocrine glands, is embedded in a bony compartment just above the roof of the nasal cavity

A

pituitary gland

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25
Q

what is the growth hormone called

A

somatotrophin

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26
Q

what produces thyroxin

A

the thyroid gland

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27
Q

what is the iodine disease?

A

goiter

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28
Q

what produces insulin and glucagon

A

Islets of langerhans

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29
Q

what hormone raises blood sugar

A

glucagon

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30
Q

what pulls glucose out of the blood to lower the blood sugar

A

insulin

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31
Q

what is the blood sugar disease called

A

diabetes mellitus

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32
Q

what is adrenalin called

A

ephinephrine

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33
Q

what is also produced by the adrenal gland

A

steroids

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34
Q

what hormone makes you sleep

A

melationin

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35
Q

what is the gland that produces melatonin

A

peninal gland

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36
Q

what is the system that is responsible for the continuation of the human race

A

reproductive system

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37
Q

what is the growth process form a child to an adult called?

A

adolescence

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38
Q

what is the process called of the maturity of the reproductive systems

A

puberity

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39
Q

what is the females main reproductive organ

A

ovaries

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40
Q

what is the male hormone called

A

testosterone

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41
Q

what is the female hormones called

A

estrogen

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42
Q

what protects the baby

A

uterus

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43
Q

what is the process called when the two different gametes meet.

A

conception

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44
Q

what is the time from conception to birth

A

gestation

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45
Q

what is the baby called before it is 8 weeks old in the mothers womb

A

embryo

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46
Q

what connects the baby

A

umbilical cord

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47
Q

what is the process of birth called?

A

labor

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48
Q

what is the study of living things

A

biology

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49
Q

what is it called when there is one main root and small secondary roots branch off of that main root

A

taproot

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50
Q

what is a flowering seed plant called?

A

angiosperm

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51
Q

what is is called when a plant lives for only one year

A

annuals

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52
Q

what is it called when a plant lives for two years

A

biannuals

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53
Q

what is it called when a plant lives year after year

A

perennial

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54
Q

what is the tree classified as if it loses its leaves in the fall and winter

A

dicideous

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55
Q

what is it called when a tree never loses its leafs

A

evergreen

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56
Q

what is the system above ground of a plant called

A

the shoot system

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57
Q

what is the system below ground called

A

root system

58
Q

what holds growing parts of the plant (stems, leaves, Branches)

A

bud

59
Q

what is leaf arrangements called when there is only one leaf per node

A

alternate

60
Q

what leaf arrangement is where there are two leafs per node?

A

opposite

61
Q

what makes its own food

A

autotrophs

62
Q

what uses sunlight to create its own food

A

photosynthesis

63
Q

what is it called when the sperm cell of a plant is transferred to the ovary of the plant

A

pollination

64
Q

what are the reproductive cells called

A

gsmetes

65
Q

what are the gametes of a plant, andimal, and human

A

sperm
egg

66
Q

what is it called when the pollen and egg cells are united

A

fertilization

67
Q

what is the fruit of the grass plant

A

grain

68
Q

what is fleshy and juicy throughout

A

berry

69
Q

what is a period of inactivity

A

dormancy

70
Q

what is growth in length

A

primary growth

71
Q

what is growth in width

A

secondary growth

72
Q

what is the old and hard wood

A

heart wood

73
Q

what is new and working xylem

A

sap wood

74
Q

what is the horizontal stem that goes underground

A

rhyzome

75
Q

what are protective special stems

A

thorns

76
Q

what is the protective tip of a taproot

A

root cap

77
Q

one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

78
Q

what is the seed that is not covered by the wall of an ovary called

A

gymnosperm

79
Q

what is the asexual and the sexual plant thing called

A

alternation of generations

80
Q

what are the roots of moss called

A

rhyzoids

81
Q

the smallest of the green,
chlorophyll­ containing organisms, live nearly everywhere. Unlike plants, most algae do not have stem­like, root­like, or leaf­ like structures

A

algae

82
Q

the largest of the brown algae

A

kelp

83
Q

obtain their nutrition from dead organisms

A

saprophytes

84
Q

what feed off of living organisms

A

paracytes

85
Q

a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body

A

system

86
Q

the body’s defense against these and other foreign invaders

A

immune system

87
Q

give support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells

A

skeletal system

88
Q

responsible for the continuation of the human race

A

reproductive system

89
Q

what is the dead material that surrounds the cells

A

matrix

90
Q

tissues that join bones to other bones

A

ligaments

91
Q

a strong “cable” of tough fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone

A

tendon

92
Q

what is the cushion in the joints

A

cartilage

93
Q

what is the largest bone in the body

A

femur

94
Q

what bone is for protections

A

flat bone

95
Q

what produces blood cells

A

red bone marrow

96
Q

what is the most freely movable joint

A

ball and socket

97
Q

what are the muscles that are only found in the heart

A

cardiac mucles

98
Q

what is the largest and strongest muscles of the body

A

gluteus maximus

99
Q

what is the degradation of the muscle

A

atrophy

100
Q

what is the building of muscles called

A

hypertrophy

101
Q

what is the main organ on the nervous system

A

brain

102
Q

what does the brain and spinal cord make up

A

the central nervous system

103
Q

what cells barely reproduce

A

nurons

104
Q

what is the disease where the muscles have the inability to move

A

paralysis

105
Q

what causes tremors and stiffness

A

parkinsons disease

106
Q

what is the simplest act of the nervous system

A

reflex

107
Q

what part of the brain controls the complex cordination of muscle movement

A

cerebellum

108
Q

what is the thing for excuses for behavior

A

behaviorism

109
Q

can occur in younger people and is far more dangerous that dementia

A

alzheimers

110
Q

what are the organs for taste

A

taste buds

111
Q

what is the nose to brain nerve

A

olfactory

112
Q

what is the eye to brain nerve

A

optic

113
Q

what is responsible for color

A

cone

114
Q

what is responcible for black and white

A

rod

115
Q

what are the chemical processes of life

A

metabolism

116
Q

the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell

A

Carbohydrates

117
Q

building blocks of protines

A

amino acids

118
Q

insolubility in water

A

lipids

119
Q

breaks and crushes food

A

teeth

120
Q

most common disease in man

A

cavity

121
Q

the wave movement in the esophagus

A

peristalsis

122
Q

what is the primary digestive organ

A

small intestine

123
Q

what pulls glucose out of the blood

A

insulin

124
Q

colon infection

A

disentary

125
Q

what is the largest portion of the blood

A

plasma

126
Q

too low of blood pressure

A

circulatory shock

127
Q

lack of oxygen and Iron in the blood

A

anemia

128
Q

where are blood cells made

A

red bone marrow

129
Q

what is the immune system blood cells

A

white blood cells

130
Q

what is the inability of blood to clot

A

hemophilia

131
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

132
Q

universal Doner

A

O negative

133
Q

what is the worlds most efficient pump

A

heart

134
Q

what is the largest artery

A

aorta

135
Q

what carries blood away from the heart

A

arteries

136
Q

what is the circulation system of the heart

A

coronary circulation

137
Q

liver circulation

A

portal circulation

138
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

139
Q

sac like structures

A

aveoli

140
Q

what is the most common respitory disease in man

A

common cold

141
Q

what regulates melatonin

A

thyroxin

biology (13 decks)

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