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exam 2 / semester exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is a stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

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2
Q

The system of the body designed specifically for
homeostasis is

A

integumentary system

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3
Q

what is the outermost layer of skin called?

A

epidermis

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4
Q

what is the second layer of skin called?

A

dermis

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5
Q

what is the third and most internal layer of skin called?

A

subcutaneous layer

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6
Q

what are the three purposes of skin?

A

protection
communication
secretion

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7
Q

what is the pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?

A

melanin

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8
Q

what strengthens the skin and causes callouses?

A

keratin

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9
Q

what does extreme over exposure to the sun cause

A

skin cancer

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10
Q

what is the most dangerous form of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma

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11
Q

Sebaceous glands are usually associated with each
hair follicle. These glands produce _________ an oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible

A

sebum

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12
Q

what regulates the body’s temperature and is part of the excretory system

A

sweat glands

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13
Q

what is the removement of waste in the human body

A

excretion

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14
Q

what is the most important excretion organ in the body

A

kidneys

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15
Q

the kidneys are made up of millions of little workers called

A

nephrons

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16
Q

renal tubule. In this tube, glucose molecules, hormones, and other useful substances are removed from the filtered fluid and returned to the blood. The return of these molecules is called

A

reabsorption

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17
Q

Urea mixed with=the water is called

A

urine

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18
Q

If the blood pressure drops too low, the kidneys may have difficulty functioning. what brings up the blood pressure

A

renin

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19
Q

The regulation of water reabsorption is controlled by
the brain using

A

ADH

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20
Q

the fake kidney is called a

A

artificial kidney and or a dialyzer

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21
Q

what does the artificial kidney perform?

A

dialysis

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22
Q

This system communicates, not using electrochemical impulses, but using chemicals released into the bloodstream

A

endoctorine system

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23
Q

what are the chemical messengers of the body

A

hormones

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24
Q

is sometimes called the master gland because it affects the other endocrine glands, is embedded in a bony compartment just above the roof of the nasal cavity

A

pituitary gland

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25
what is the growth hormone called
somatotrophin
26
what produces thyroxin
the thyroid gland
27
what is the iodine disease?
goiter
28
what produces insulin and glucagon
Islets of langerhans
29
what hormone raises blood sugar
glucagon
30
what pulls glucose out of the blood to lower the blood sugar
insulin
31
what is the blood sugar disease called
diabetes mellitus
32
what is adrenalin called
ephinephrine
33
what is also produced by the adrenal gland
steroids
34
what hormone makes you sleep
melationin
35
what is the gland that produces melatonin
peninal gland
36
what is the system that is responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
37
what is the growth process form a child to an adult called?
adolescence
38
what is the process called of the maturity of the reproductive systems
puberity
39
what is the females main reproductive organ
ovaries
40
what is the male hormone called
testosterone
41
what is the female hormones called
estrogen
42
what protects the baby
uterus
43
what is the process called when the two different gametes meet.
conception
44
what is the time from conception to birth
gestation
45
what is the baby called before it is 8 weeks old in the mothers womb
embryo
46
what connects the baby
umbilical cord
47
what is the process of birth called?
labor
48
what is the study of living things
biology
49
what is it called when there is one main root and small secondary roots branch off of that main root
taproot
50
what is a flowering seed plant called?
angiosperm
51
what is is called when a plant lives for only one year
annuals
52
what is it called when a plant lives for two years
biannuals
53
what is it called when a plant lives year after year
perennial
54
what is the tree classified as if it loses its leaves in the fall and winter
dicideous
55
what is it called when a tree never loses its leafs
evergreen
56
what is the system above ground of a plant called
the shoot system
57
what is the system below ground called
root system
58
what holds growing parts of the plant (stems, leaves, Branches)
bud
59
what is leaf arrangements called when there is only one leaf per node
alternate
60
what leaf arrangement is where there are two leafs per node?
opposite
61
what makes its own food
autotrophs
62
what uses sunlight to create its own food
photosynthesis
63
what is it called when the sperm cell of a plant is transferred to the ovary of the plant
pollination
64
what are the reproductive cells called
gsmetes
65
what are the gametes of a plant, andimal, and human
sperm egg
66
what is it called when the pollen and egg cells are united
fertilization
67
what is the fruit of the grass plant
grain
68
what is fleshy and juicy throughout
berry
69
what is a period of inactivity
dormancy
70
what is growth in length
primary growth
71
what is growth in width
secondary growth
72
what is the old and hard wood
heart wood
73
what is new and working xylem
sap wood
74
what is the horizontal stem that goes underground
rhyzome
75
what are protective special stems
thorns
76
what is the protective tip of a taproot
root cap
77
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
78
what is the seed that is not covered by the wall of an ovary called
gymnosperm
79
what is the asexual and the sexual plant thing called
alternation of generations
80
what are the roots of moss called
rhyzoids
81
the smallest of the green, chlorophyll­ containing organisms, live nearly everywhere. Unlike plants, most algae do not have stem­like, root­like, or leaf­ like structures
algae
82
the largest of the brown algae
kelp
83
obtain their nutrition from dead organisms
saprophytes
84
what feed off of living organisms
paracytes
85
a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body
system
86
the body’s defense against these and other foreign invaders
immune system
87
give support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells
skeletal system
88
responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
89
what is the dead material that surrounds the cells
matrix
90
tissues that join bones to other bones
ligaments
91
a strong “cable” of tough fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
92
what is the cushion in the joints
cartilage
93
what is the largest bone in the body
femur
94
what bone is for protections
flat bone
95
what produces blood cells
red bone marrow
96
what is the most freely movable joint
ball and socket
97
what are the muscles that are only found in the heart
cardiac mucles
98
what is the largest and strongest muscles of the body
gluteus maximus
99
what is the degradation of the muscle
atrophy
100
what is the building of muscles called
hypertrophy
101
what is the main organ on the nervous system
brain
102
what does the brain and spinal cord make up
the central nervous system
103
what cells barely reproduce
nurons
104
what is the disease where the muscles have the inability to move
paralysis
105
what causes tremors and stiffness
parkinsons disease
106
what is the simplest act of the nervous system
reflex
107
what part of the brain controls the complex cordination of muscle movement
cerebellum
108
what is the thing for excuses for behavior
behaviorism
109
can occur in younger people and is far more dangerous that dementia
alzheimers
110
what are the organs for taste
taste buds
111
what is the nose to brain nerve
olfactory
112
what is the eye to brain nerve
optic
113
what is responsible for color
cone
114
what is responcible for black and white
rod
115
what are the chemical processes of life
metabolism
116
the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell
Carbohydrates
117
building blocks of protines
amino acids
118
insolubility in water
lipids
119
breaks and crushes food
teeth
120
most common disease in man
cavity
121
the wave movement in the esophagus
peristalsis
122
what is the primary digestive organ
small intestine
123
what pulls glucose out of the blood
insulin
124
colon infection
disentary
125
what is the largest portion of the blood
plasma
126
too low of blood pressure
circulatory shock
127
lack of oxygen and Iron in the blood
anemia
128
where are blood cells made
red bone marrow
129
what is the immune system blood cells
white blood cells
130
what is the inability of blood to clot
hemophilia
131
universal recipient
AB+
132
universal Doner
O negative
133
what is the worlds most efficient pump
heart
134
what is the largest artery
aorta
135
what carries blood away from the heart
arteries
136
what is the circulation system of the heart
coronary circulation
137
liver circulation
portal circulation
138
high blood pressure
hypertension
139
sac like structures
aveoli
140
what is the most common respitory disease in man
common cold
141
what regulates melatonin
thyroxin

biology (26 decks)

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