exam 2 / semester exam Flashcards
what is a stable internal environment
homeostasis
The system of the body designed specifically for
homeostasis is
integumentary system
what is the outermost layer of skin called?
epidermis
what is the second layer of skin called?
dermis
what is the third and most internal layer of skin called?
subcutaneous layer
what are the three purposes of skin?
protection
communication
secretion
what is the pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes?
melanin
what strengthens the skin and causes callouses?
keratin
what does extreme over exposure to the sun cause
skin cancer
what is the most dangerous form of skin cancer
malignant melanoma
Sebaceous glands are usually associated with each
hair follicle. These glands produce _________ an oil that waterproofs your skin and keeps it soft and flexible
sebum
what regulates the body’s temperature and is part of the excretory system
sweat glands
what is the removement of waste in the human body
excretion
what is the most important excretion organ in the body
kidneys
the kidneys are made up of millions of little workers called
nephrons
renal tubule. In this tube, glucose molecules, hormones, and other useful substances are removed from the filtered fluid and returned to the blood. The return of these molecules is called
reabsorption
Urea mixed with=the water is called
urine
If the blood pressure drops too low, the kidneys may have difficulty functioning. what brings up the blood pressure
renin
The regulation of water reabsorption is controlled by
the brain using
ADH
the fake kidney is called a
artificial kidney and or a dialyzer
what does the artificial kidney perform?
dialysis
This system communicates, not using electrochemical impulses, but using chemicals released into the bloodstream
endoctorine system
what are the chemical messengers of the body
hormones
is sometimes called the master gland because it affects the other endocrine glands, is embedded in a bony compartment just above the roof of the nasal cavity
pituitary gland
what is the growth hormone called
somatotrophin
what produces thyroxin
the thyroid gland
what is the iodine disease?
goiter
what produces insulin and glucagon
Islets of langerhans
what hormone raises blood sugar
glucagon
what pulls glucose out of the blood to lower the blood sugar
insulin
what is the blood sugar disease called
diabetes mellitus
what is adrenalin called
ephinephrine
what is also produced by the adrenal gland
steroids
what hormone makes you sleep
melationin
what is the gland that produces melatonin
peninal gland
what is the system that is responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
what is the growth process form a child to an adult called?
adolescence
what is the process called of the maturity of the reproductive systems
puberity
what is the females main reproductive organ
ovaries
what is the male hormone called
testosterone
what is the female hormones called
estrogen
what protects the baby
uterus
what is the process called when the two different gametes meet.
conception
what is the time from conception to birth
gestation
what is the baby called before it is 8 weeks old in the mothers womb
embryo
what connects the baby
umbilical cord
what is the process of birth called?
labor
what is the study of living things
biology
what is it called when there is one main root and small secondary roots branch off of that main root
taproot
what is a flowering seed plant called?
angiosperm
what is is called when a plant lives for only one year
annuals
what is it called when a plant lives for two years
biannuals
what is it called when a plant lives year after year
perennial
what is the tree classified as if it loses its leaves in the fall and winter
dicideous
what is it called when a tree never loses its leafs
evergreen
what is the system above ground of a plant called
the shoot system
what is the system below ground called
root system
what holds growing parts of the plant (stems, leaves, Branches)
bud
what is leaf arrangements called when there is only one leaf per node
alternate
what leaf arrangement is where there are two leafs per node?
opposite
what makes its own food
autotrophs
what uses sunlight to create its own food
photosynthesis
what is it called when the sperm cell of a plant is transferred to the ovary of the plant
pollination
what are the reproductive cells called
gsmetes
what are the gametes of a plant, andimal, and human
sperm
egg
what is it called when the pollen and egg cells are united
fertilization
what is the fruit of the grass plant
grain
what is fleshy and juicy throughout
berry
what is a period of inactivity
dormancy
what is growth in length
primary growth
what is growth in width
secondary growth
what is the old and hard wood
heart wood
what is new and working xylem
sap wood
what is the horizontal stem that goes underground
rhyzome
what are protective special stems
thorns
what is the protective tip of a taproot
root cap
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
what is the seed that is not covered by the wall of an ovary called
gymnosperm
what is the asexual and the sexual plant thing called
alternation of generations
what are the roots of moss called
rhyzoids
the smallest of the green,
chlorophyll containing organisms, live nearly everywhere. Unlike plants, most algae do not have stemlike, rootlike, or leaf like structures
algae
the largest of the brown algae
kelp
obtain their nutrition from dead organisms
saprophytes
what feed off of living organisms
paracytes
a group of structures that function together as a unit to perform a definite job for the body
system
the body’s defense against these and other foreign invaders
immune system
give support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells
skeletal system
responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
what is the dead material that surrounds the cells
matrix
tissues that join bones to other bones
ligaments
a strong “cable” of tough fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone
tendon
what is the cushion in the joints
cartilage
what is the largest bone in the body
femur
what bone is for protections
flat bone
what produces blood cells
red bone marrow
what is the most freely movable joint
ball and socket
what are the muscles that are only found in the heart
cardiac mucles
what is the largest and strongest muscles of the body
gluteus maximus
what is the degradation of the muscle
atrophy
what is the building of muscles called
hypertrophy
what is the main organ on the nervous system
brain
what does the brain and spinal cord make up
the central nervous system
what cells barely reproduce
nurons
what is the disease where the muscles have the inability to move
paralysis
what causes tremors and stiffness
parkinsons disease
what is the simplest act of the nervous system
reflex
what part of the brain controls the complex cordination of muscle movement
cerebellum
what is the thing for excuses for behavior
behaviorism
can occur in younger people and is far more dangerous that dementia
alzheimers
what are the organs for taste
taste buds
what is the nose to brain nerve
olfactory
what is the eye to brain nerve
optic
what is responsible for color
cone
what is responcible for black and white
rod
what are the chemical processes of life
metabolism
the most important energy-producing compounds in the cell
Carbohydrates
building blocks of protines
amino acids
insolubility in water
lipids
breaks and crushes food
teeth
most common disease in man
cavity
the wave movement in the esophagus
peristalsis
what is the primary digestive organ
small intestine
what pulls glucose out of the blood
insulin
colon infection
disentary
what is the largest portion of the blood
plasma
too low of blood pressure
circulatory shock
lack of oxygen and Iron in the blood
anemia
where are blood cells made
red bone marrow
what is the immune system blood cells
white blood cells
what is the inability of blood to clot
hemophilia
universal recipient
AB+
universal Doner
O negative
what is the worlds most efficient pump
heart
what is the largest artery
aorta
what carries blood away from the heart
arteries
what is the circulation system of the heart
coronary circulation
liver circulation
portal circulation
high blood pressure
hypertension
sac like structures
aveoli
what is the most common respitory disease in man
common cold
what regulates melatonin
thyroxin
