9.1-9.2 Flashcards
the chemical processes of life
metabolism
elements and compounds it needs doe energy, repair and growth
nutrients
The energy content of food is typically measured
calories
1,000 calories
kilocalorie
fat cells
adipose cells
need large quantities of
macronutrients
need small quantities of
micronutrients
most important thing for energy
carbohydrates
used for building and maintaining cells
proteins
makes proteins (the building blocks)
amino acids
controls the chemical reactions in the cells
enzymes
makes proteins but does not dissolve in water
lipids
makes fats and lipids
fatty acids
Another lipid that is used by our bodies to
make bile, vitamin D, and important hormones
cholesterol
what is the energy carrier of a cell
ATP
organic substances
vitamins
molecules that
assist a cell’s enzymes in performing their jobs.
coenzymes
substances the neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals which otherwise damage important cell parts
antioxidents
the digestive canal
alimentary canal
the changing of for substances with large, complex chemical molecules
digestion
But digestion is partly mechanical because food is broken down into small particles by the chewing action of the teeth; food is continually mixed by a muscular action called
peristalsis
soap-like substance formed by the liver and its green
bile
catalysts produced by living cells. (A catalyst is any substance that speeds up a chemical change but is not consumed in the process)
enzymes
control digestion, are produced by tiny secreting bodies called digestive glands
digestive enzymes
the mouth
oral cavity
spit
mucus
moves food in the mouth
tongue
bolus
chewed food
the small organs in the tongue
taste buds
digestive glands in the mouth
salivary glands
the enzyme in saliva
salivary amylase
cut and break food so it can be digested easier
teeth
baby teeth
primary teeth
adult teeth
perminate teeth
the scientific word for chewing
mastication
the three parts of a tooth
crown neck and the root
dental caries
the most common disease in man
