Biology test 2 Flashcards
What is the primary function of a flower?
Reproduction
What part of a flower creates pollen
stamen
What is the swollen base of the flower
Ovary
What is a flower that has all four basic parts
complete flower
What is on top of the stamen
Anther
female, flowers lack stamens and bear only pistils
pistillate
Flowers that lack pistils and bear only stamens or male flowers are called
staminate
plants produce staminate and pistillate flowers, but the two types of flowers are borne by separate plants
Diceous
any plant on which both staminate and pistillate flowers are produced in the same plant
monecious
what is the main factor affecting a flower
length of daylight and night
what are two other things that effect a plants flowering time
temperature and soil fertility
what is a fully ripened ovary
fruit
what is the transfer of pollen called
pollination
what is the sweet tasting watery liquid a plant creates
nectar
what is the process of which the sperm cell unites with the egg cell
fertilization
what are the reproductive cells called?
Gametes
what is the reproduction system called when gametes are involved?
sexual reproduction
what is it called when the ovary is in the process if becoming a fully ripened fruit
ripening
fruits that form from one flower that has only one pistil.
simple fruits
a fruit that forms from one flower that has several PISTILS
aggregate
fruits that form from several flowers
multiple fruits
Simple fruits with an outer fleshy layer and
an inner papery core
pomes
simple fruits that consist of a
pod enclosing several seeds
legumes
consist of
fleshy layers of ovary
small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them
samara
list a multiple fruit
pineapple
outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer,
drupe
simple fruits consisting of a
seed and a shell
achens
provides a protective covering for the seed
seed coat
will develop into the root system of the plant
radicle
tiny shoot that will develop into the stem and leaves of the plant
plumel
one of the many raised pores in the stem of a woody plant
lenticels
what is the growth in length
primary growth
example of a stolon plant
strawberry
what is wood made out of
xylem
what is the layer between xylem and phloem
vascular cambium
the stem grows older, the epidermis is replaced by a stronger protective tissue whose most noticeable part is the
cork
long, narrow, rod-shaped cells that often have tapered ends
tracheids
cone bearing trees
conifers
short, wide, often barrel-shaped cells joined end to end like concrete pipes
vestles
what is the center of a young branch
pith
old xylem tubes gradually become clogged with debris and waste products from the tree’s living cells. When xylem tubes become clogged, they are sealed off and no longer conduct sap from the roots to the leaves. This older, inner wood, known as:
heartwood
younger xylem (that farthest from the center of the tree) conducts water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. This younger, functioning xylem tissue is called
sapwood
what are the rings in a tree called
annual growth rings
The outer covering of a monocot stem is called
rind
what is the material inside the rind that makes it sturdy
silica
reproduction without the union of sex cells, requir-ing only mitotic cell divisions
asexual reproduction
(possible essay) List all the kinds of vegetative propagation
cutting
layering
tissue culturing
budding
and grafting
frequent method of ________ involves fastening a container of soil around the nodes of a stem to induce the stem to develop roots
layering
a piece of a stem or root
that can grow into a new plant
cutting
what is a kind vegetative propagation is in which the
obiscion is a bud.
budding
what is the process of transplanting
living tissue from one plant to another. This method of propagation allows growing two kinds of apples or other fruit on the same tree or growing a more desirable fruit on a tree that is already growing
grafting
what is the growth response of a plant
trophism
growing towards light
phototropism
growing towards touch
thigmotropism
plants responding to gravity
geotropism
what are any chemical messengers in a plant
hormones
what causes the stem or shoot of the plant to grow faster on one side than the other, making the shoot as a whole slowly bend
Auxins
what is the hormone that causes the dormancy of a plant
ABA/abscisic acid
The hormone that signals leaf abscission when a tree prepares for winter
Ethylene
the is the special stem of an onion?
bulb
Thick stems that grow horizontally under
the ground providing food storage and a means of vegetative reproduction
Rhyzomes
the aboveground special stem the runs horizontally across the dirt
stolon
what is the potato plant thing called
tuber
that is the special stem that is used as a defence mechanism against outside forces
thorns
a root with tiny fingerlike projections off the base of it
taproot
have no main section but spread out with very thin roots, forming a tangled mass in shallow soil
fibrous roots
what are the finger-like projections on a root
root-hairs
The region closest to the end is called the
in the taproot
meristematic region
What is at the tip of the root, providing a covering, which consists of several layers of tough cells protecting the tender root tip as it pushes its way through the soil?
root cap
The process of mixing molecules of one substance through another by random molecular motion
defusion
The one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
what is the upward flow of water and minerals through xylem tubes called
sap streams
list all of the parts to a flower
pedical, receptacle, sepal, ovary, ovules, petal, pistil, stamen, anther, filliament, stigma, and style.
name all the parts to a dormant woody branch
terminal bud, bud scales, bud scale scars, lateral bud, internode, node, lenticels, leaf scar, and bundle scars
