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biology > 7.4-8.5 test review > Flashcards

7.4-8.5 test review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

places where bones join together

A

joints

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2
Q

the joints in the fingers

A

ellipoid

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3
Q

the most freely movable joints

A

ball and socket joints

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4
Q

the joint in one plane of movement

A

hinge joints

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5
Q

inflamed joint disease

A

arthritis

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6
Q

over stressed muscles

A

sprain

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7
Q

no conscious control over muscles

A

involuntary muscles

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8
Q

the muscles in the heart

A

cardiac muscles

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9
Q

the involuntary muscles fibers

A

skeletal muscles

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10
Q

the voluntary muscle fibers

A

smoothe fibers

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11
Q

the cheek muscles

A

Masseter

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12
Q

the muscle that helps you shrug

A

trapezoius

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13
Q

the muscle that bends the arm

A

Biceps Brachii

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14
Q

the muscle that helps extend the arm

A

tricep brachii

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15
Q

the muscle that sits you up from a reclining position

A

rectus abdominus

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16
Q

the largest and strongest muscle in the body

A

gluteus maximus

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17
Q

the muscle that helps extend the leg

A

quadriceps femoris

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18
Q

the muscles the help bend the leg

A

hamstrings

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19
Q

the largest calf muscle

A

gastronemus

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20
Q

the translucent sheath over muscles

A

facia

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21
Q

A motor neuron and the group of muscle cells it controls

A

motor unit

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22
Q

makes the muscle larger when used

A

Hypertrophy

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23
Q

makes the muscle smaller from lack of use

A

Atrophy

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24
Q

the slow twitch

A

red fibers

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25
Q

the fast twitch

A

white fibers

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26
Q

includes the brain and the spinal cord, which are both encased in bone for protection

A

central nervous system

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27
Q

the principal organ of the nervous system

A

brain

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28
Q

the three layer protection of the brain

A

Meninges

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29
Q

supports and insulates the nerve tissue

A

glial cells

30
Q

nerve cells

A

neutrons

31
Q

found within the brain and spinal cord consists largely of cell bodies of neutrons

A

gray matter

32
Q

the _____ of the brain and spinal cord on the other hand is composed of axons and glial cells

A

white matter

33
Q

tightly sealed capillary walls

A

blood brain barrier

34
Q

infection of the meninges

A

meningitis

35
Q

a serious disease that attacks the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis /or/ polio

36
Q

part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the heart and the other internal organs

A

autonomic nervous system

37
Q

what cells barely reproduce

A

netrons

38
Q

disease of the brain and spinal cord

A

Multiple sclerosis /or/ M.S.

39
Q

the inability of muscles to move

A

paralysis

40
Q

an inclosed junction between two neutrons or a neutron and another cell

A

synapse

41
Q

disease of the nervous system that affects the patients control of posture and movement is characterized by tremors and stiffness of the limbs

A

parkinson’s disease

42
Q

what is the simplest action of the nervous system

A

reflex

43
Q

largest part of the brain and is the physical organ that helps you in the areas of consciousness, memory, voluntary actions, thinking, and intelligence

A

cerebrum

44
Q

controls the right side of your body

A

left hemisphere

45
Q

controls the left side of you body

A

right hemisphere

46
Q

what communicates between the left and right brain

A

Corpus callosum

47
Q

what controls the skeleton

A

motor area

48
Q

Damage to the cerebral motor area before or shortly after birth is known as

A

cerebral palsy

49
Q

what controls complex muscle cordination

A

cerebellum

50
Q

what is the Medulla oblongata part of

A

the brain stem

51
Q

what controls the physical effects of emotion

A

hypothalmus

52
Q

trauma and environmental state affect persons though process and physical actions

A

behaviorism

53
Q

most common serious injury of the nervous system

A

stroke

54
Q

prolonged loss of consciousness

A

coma

55
Q

the five special senses

A

sight, hearing, taste ,smell, and ballance

56
Q

a bare dendrite that reacts to a certain type of strong stimulus

A

pain receptors

57
Q

responds to temperature changes

A

thermoreceptors

58
Q

organs that taste

A

tastebuds

59
Q

the nerve that connects the nose to the brain

A

olfactory

60
Q

nerve connecting the hair-like nerve cells of the cochlea to the brain

A

auditory nerve

61
Q

the change of voice to us and other people

A

bone conduction

62
Q

tough outer layer of the eye; the white of the eye

A

sclera

63
Q

the eye to brain nerve

A

optic nerve

64
Q

innermost layer of the eye, most delicate and most important

A

retna

65
Q

produces clearest vision. small depression on the retina

A

fovea

66
Q

only see black and white

A

rods

67
Q

see color

A

cones

68
Q

focusing problem in which the light rays entering the eye are bent incorrectly, usually caused by an incorrectly curved cornea

A

astigmatism

69
Q

condition in which the pres-sure of the fluid inside the eye becomes much higher than normal, causing permanent damage to the optic nerve

A

glaucoma

70
Q

cant see color

A

color blind

biology (9 decks)

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