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biology > Exam #1 chapters 1-7 > Flashcards

Exam #1 chapters 1-7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities is called

A

taxonomy

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2
Q

the swedish naturalist that devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification

A

linnaeus

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3
Q

the largest division

A

kingdom

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4
Q

the two different kinds of largest kingdom

A

plantae and animalia

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5
Q

the highest division that is larger than kingdom

A

domain

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6
Q

group of very similar organisms that can interbreed freely in nature; lowest of the seven main levels of the Linnaean classification system

A

species

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7
Q

group of similar organisms that are all descended from a single group of originally created organisms

A

kind

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8
Q

system of assigning scientific names to organisms by using two words (genus and species) for each scientific name

A

binomial nomenclature

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9
Q

organism that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus

A

prokaryotes

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10
Q

organism that has a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

A

eukaryote

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11
Q

Has no walls of an ovary.
plant that does not produce flowers but does produce seeds

A

gymnosperm

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12
Q

cones that produce sperm cells

A

staminate cones

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13
Q

cones that produce egg cells

A

ovulate cones

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14
Q

the largest living thing

A

coast redwood

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15
Q

palm-like tropical gymnosperm

A

cycads

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16
Q

unique oriental gymnosperm with fan-shaped leaves

A

ginkgo

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17
Q

life cycle, found in ferns, mosses, and some other plants, that involves both asexual and sexual reproduction in every other generation

A

alternation of generations

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18
Q

moss-like plants

A

bryophyte

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19
Q

what mosses use instead of roots.
hair-like thread that acts as a bryophyte “root”

A

rhizoids

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20
Q

decaying peat moss.

compressed accumulation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes

A

peat

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21
Q

the smallest of the green chlorophyll organisms

A

algae

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22
Q

collective term for microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms

A

plankton

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23
Q

the largest group of the algae

A

green algae

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24
Q

any of a group of yellow algae characterized by rigid cell walls composed of silica

A

Diatoms

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25
Q

the largest of the brown algae

A

kelp

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26
Q

produces the red tide

A

Dinoflagellates

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27
Q

what are nonvascular plant-­like organisms that lack chlorophyll and depend upon other organisms for food

A

fungi

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28
Q

what feeds on dead organisms

A

saprophytes

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29
Q

lives inside another organism and feeds off of it

A

parasites

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30
Q

lives in bread and cheese

A

mold

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31
Q

the fungi makes bread rise

A

yeast

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32
Q

two different kinds of organisms living together for mutual benefit

A

symbiosis

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33
Q

what cavity holds the heart and lungs aka the chest cavity

A

thoracic cavity

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34
Q

what cavity holds the stomach and organs

A

abdominopelvic cavity

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35
Q

what system is the body’s defence against other foreign invaders

A

immune system

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36
Q

what is the system that protects the body from its surroundings, providing protection from bacteria and other microbes, or the skin

A

integumentary system

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37
Q

what is the system that gives support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells

A

skeletal system

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38
Q

what is the system that is responsible for the continuation of the human race

A

reproductive system

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39
Q

what is the stable internal environment for the body

A

homeostasis

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40
Q

connects parts of the body

A

connective tissue

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41
Q

line all body parts,and they cover and protect every organ, regulate temperature,
and regulate what enters and exits the organs

A

Epithelial tissue

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42
Q

the nonliving material that surround cells

A

matrix

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43
Q

what evolutionists call a purposeless, or useless organ

A

vestigial

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44
Q

soft spots on the top and back of an infant’s head

A

Fontanels

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45
Q

Within a year or two, the fontanels disappear completely, and the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines known as

A

sutures

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46
Q

the U shaped bone in the neck

A

Hyoid

47
Q

Things you need to know on a diagram.

A

sternum, clavicle, Humorous, Femur, tibia, fibula, Radius, Ulna, and phalanges.

48
Q

scoliosis

A

the crooked spine

49
Q

that is the tail bone

A

coccyx

50
Q

the skeletal system the consists of the head, spine , ribs, and the tail bone

A

axial skeleton

51
Q

the skeletal system that consists of arms, legs, ankles, wrists, feet, hands , fingers, toes, and all the other things that hang off of the main body.

A

Appendicular skeleton

52
Q

what is the larges and strongest bone

A

femur

53
Q

what connects bone to bone

A

ligaments

54
Q

what is the ankle bone called

A

Talus

55
Q

what is the heel bone called

A

calcaneus

56
Q

what is a bone that is longer than wide

A

long bone

57
Q

what type of bone is the rib

A

a flat bone

58
Q

what is the long shaft of the bone called

A

diaphysis

59
Q

what are the ends of the bones called

A

epiphysis

60
Q

what is inside of the bone that creates blood cells

A

red marrow

61
Q

The hardness of bone is caused by microscopic crystals of a mineral substance called…

A

Hydroxyapatite

62
Q

what is it called when the bone adjusts its shape to the constant physical stress that is pressing upon it.

A

wolff’s law

63
Q

what is it called when the cartilage is replaced with bone

A

ossification

64
Q

what is the study of living things called?

A

Biology

65
Q

what are flowering seed plants called?

A

angiosperms

66
Q

in which the main root grows straight down and remains larger than the secondary roots that branch off from it.

A

taproot

67
Q

what herbaceous plant has a square stem

A

the mint plant

68
Q

many separate flowers referred to as a head

A

composite plant

69
Q

grow for one year

A

annuals

70
Q

the family with the open five petal design

A

the rose family

71
Q

legumes

A

the pea family

72
Q

consists of the three most common poisonous plants

A

cashew family

73
Q

symbol of the american south

A

magnolia

74
Q

fruit of the maple tree

A

samara

75
Q

tree with the paper-like bark

A

birch

76
Q

fruit of the grass family

A

grains

77
Q

special leaf that looks like a flower petal

A

bracts

78
Q

the plant system that grows above ground.

A

shoot system

79
Q

holds growing leaves and stems

A

bud

80
Q

the three leaf arrangements that you need to be able to identify

A

rosette, alternate, opposite

81
Q

the two types of vascular tissue

A

xylem and phloem

82
Q

organisms that create their own food

A

autotrophs

83
Q

sugar that is produces by photosynthesis

A

glucose

84
Q

what part of the flower is the ovary attached to or is upon

A

pistil

85
Q

what is it called when pollen is transferred from one plant to another

A

pollination

86
Q

a sweet-tasting watery liquid produced by plants

A

nectar

87
Q

what is it called then pollen is transferred from the stamen to the ovary

A

fertilization

88
Q

what are the reproductive cells called

A

gametes

89
Q

what is it called when the ovary is turning into a fruit

A

ripening

90
Q

fleshy and juicy throughout

A

berry

91
Q

outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer, called the stone, that surrounds the seed

A

drupes

92
Q

small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them

A

samara

93
Q

Simple dry fruits consisting of a seed enclosed in a hard covering, or shell

A

nuts

94
Q

simple fruits consisting of a
seed and a shell

A

achenes

95
Q

simple fruits that consist of a
pod enclosing several seeds

A

legumes

96
Q

Simple fruits with an outer fleshy layer and
an inner papery core

A

pomes

97
Q

fruits of the grass family are called

A

grains

98
Q

the part of the seed that grows under ground

A

radicles

99
Q

a period of no growth

A

dormancy

100
Q

man who invented many ways to use the peanut and potatoes

A

george washington carver

101
Q

growth in length

A

primary growth

102
Q

growth in width

A

secondary growth

103
Q

are considerably larger than tracheids

A

vessels

104
Q

older, inner wood, known as

A

heartwood

105
Q

the outer covering to a herbaceous monocot

A

rhind

106
Q

the growth response of a plant

A

trophism

107
Q

onion

A

bulb

108
Q

moss roots

A

rhizoids

109
Q

the thin stem that is along the surface of the ground

A

stolon

110
Q

the protective special stem

A

thorn

111
Q

the root that has little to no branching

A

taproot

112
Q

the end of a taproot

A

root cap

113
Q

one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

biology (9 decks)

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