Exam #1 chapters 1-7 Flashcards
the process of arranging organisms into groups based on similarities is called
taxonomy
the swedish naturalist that devised a simple, practical method of scientific classification
linnaeus
the largest division
kingdom
the two different kinds of largest kingdom
plantae and animalia
the highest division that is larger than kingdom
domain
group of very similar organisms that can interbreed freely in nature; lowest of the seven main levels of the Linnaean classification system
species
group of similar organisms that are all descended from a single group of originally created organisms
kind
system of assigning scientific names to organisms by using two words (genus and species) for each scientific name
binomial nomenclature
organism that does not have a membrane-bound nucleus
prokaryotes
organism that has a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
eukaryote
Has no walls of an ovary.
plant that does not produce flowers but does produce seeds
gymnosperm
cones that produce sperm cells
staminate cones
cones that produce egg cells
ovulate cones
the largest living thing
coast redwood
palm-like tropical gymnosperm
cycads
unique oriental gymnosperm with fan-shaped leaves
ginkgo
life cycle, found in ferns, mosses, and some other plants, that involves both asexual and sexual reproduction in every other generation
alternation of generations
moss-like plants
bryophyte
what mosses use instead of roots.
hair-like thread that acts as a bryophyte “root”
rhizoids
decaying peat moss.
compressed accumulation of various partially decayed plant materials that collect in swamps and marshes
peat
the smallest of the green chlorophyll organisms
algae
collective term for microorganisms that float near the surface of the water and provide food for larger organisms
plankton
the largest group of the algae
green algae
any of a group of yellow algae characterized by rigid cell walls composed of silica
Diatoms
the largest of the brown algae
kelp
produces the red tide
Dinoflagellates
what are nonvascular plant-like organisms that lack chlorophyll and depend upon other organisms for food
fungi
what feeds on dead organisms
saprophytes
lives inside another organism and feeds off of it
parasites
lives in bread and cheese
mold
the fungi makes bread rise
yeast
two different kinds of organisms living together for mutual benefit
symbiosis
what cavity holds the heart and lungs aka the chest cavity
thoracic cavity
what cavity holds the stomach and organs
abdominopelvic cavity
what system is the body’s defence against other foreign invaders
immune system
what is the system that protects the body from its surroundings, providing protection from bacteria and other microbes, or the skin
integumentary system
what is the system that gives support and rigidity to the body while they protect vital organs and produce blood cells
skeletal system
what is the system that is responsible for the continuation of the human race
reproductive system
what is the stable internal environment for the body
homeostasis
connects parts of the body
connective tissue
line all body parts,and they cover and protect every organ, regulate temperature,
and regulate what enters and exits the organs
Epithelial tissue
the nonliving material that surround cells
matrix
what evolutionists call a purposeless, or useless organ
vestigial
soft spots on the top and back of an infant’s head
Fontanels
Within a year or two, the fontanels disappear completely, and the cranial bones are joined tightly together at uneven lines known as
sutures
the U shaped bone in the neck
Hyoid
Things you need to know on a diagram.
sternum, clavicle, Humorous, Femur, tibia, fibula, Radius, Ulna, and phalanges.
scoliosis
the crooked spine
that is the tail bone
coccyx
the skeletal system the consists of the head, spine , ribs, and the tail bone
axial skeleton
the skeletal system that consists of arms, legs, ankles, wrists, feet, hands , fingers, toes, and all the other things that hang off of the main body.
Appendicular skeleton
what is the larges and strongest bone
femur
what connects bone to bone
ligaments
what is the ankle bone called
Talus
what is the heel bone called
calcaneus
what is a bone that is longer than wide
long bone
what type of bone is the rib
a flat bone
what is the long shaft of the bone called
diaphysis
what are the ends of the bones called
epiphysis
what is inside of the bone that creates blood cells
red marrow
The hardness of bone is caused by microscopic crystals of a mineral substance called…
Hydroxyapatite
what is it called when the bone adjusts its shape to the constant physical stress that is pressing upon it.
wolff’s law
what is it called when the cartilage is replaced with bone
ossification
what is the study of living things called?
Biology
what are flowering seed plants called?
angiosperms
in which the main root grows straight down and remains larger than the secondary roots that branch off from it.
taproot
what herbaceous plant has a square stem
the mint plant
many separate flowers referred to as a head
composite plant
grow for one year
annuals
the family with the open five petal design
the rose family
legumes
the pea family
consists of the three most common poisonous plants
cashew family
symbol of the american south
magnolia
fruit of the maple tree
samara
tree with the paper-like bark
birch
fruit of the grass family
grains
special leaf that looks like a flower petal
bracts
the plant system that grows above ground.
shoot system
holds growing leaves and stems
bud
the three leaf arrangements that you need to be able to identify
rosette, alternate, opposite
the two types of vascular tissue
xylem and phloem
organisms that create their own food
autotrophs
sugar that is produces by photosynthesis
glucose
what part of the flower is the ovary attached to or is upon
pistil
what is it called when pollen is transferred from one plant to another
pollination
a sweet-tasting watery liquid produced by plants
nectar
what is it called then pollen is transferred from the stamen to the ovary
fertilization
what are the reproductive cells called
gametes
what is it called when the ovary is turning into a fruit
ripening
fleshy and juicy throughout
berry
outer fleshy layer and an inner woody layer, called the stone, that surrounds the seed
drupes
small dry seeds with one or more wing-like structures attached to them
samara
Simple dry fruits consisting of a seed enclosed in a hard covering, or shell
nuts
simple fruits consisting of a
seed and a shell
achenes
simple fruits that consist of a
pod enclosing several seeds
legumes
Simple fruits with an outer fleshy layer and
an inner papery core
pomes
fruits of the grass family are called
grains
the part of the seed that grows under ground
radicles
a period of no growth
dormancy
man who invented many ways to use the peanut and potatoes
george washington carver
growth in length
primary growth
growth in width
secondary growth
are considerably larger than tracheids
vessels
older, inner wood, known as
heartwood
the outer covering to a herbaceous monocot
rhind
the growth response of a plant
trophism
onion
bulb
moss roots
rhizoids
the thin stem that is along the surface of the ground
stolon
the protective special stem
thorn
the root that has little to no branching
taproot
the end of a taproot
root cap
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
