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chapter 14 and 15 test Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basis for one’s philosophy

A

world view

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2
Q

who is responsible for the acceptance of evolution

A

Charles darwin

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3
Q

what was the book that Darwin read on his voyage

A

principles of geology

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4
Q

who wrote principles of geology

A

Charles Lyell

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5
Q

the idea that the present is the only key to the past and that all things continue by natural processes at the same rates as they always have

A

uniformitarianism

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6
Q

what is the book that Darwin wrote during his voyage

A

Origin of species

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7
Q

the idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker

A

Natural selection/Survival of the fittest

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8
Q

variety within kinds have _____ _______

A

definite boundaries

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9
Q

sought to improve the human species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race

A

Eugenics

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10
Q

the changes within a particular kind of organism

A

Speciation/ micro-evolution

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11
Q

the hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time

A

macro evolution

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12
Q

how often had Macroevolution been observed in nature

A

never

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13
Q

the remains or impressions of plants,
animals, and humans preserved in sedimentary rock

A

fossils

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14
Q

the study of fossils

A

paleontology

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15
Q

fossils that connect one kind of organism with another kind by a series of tiny steps.

A

transitional forms

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16
Q

Whereas Darwin taught that new organisms came about through the constant, gradual accumulation of small changes

A

punctuated equilibrium hypothesis

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17
Q

This simple-to-complex sequence of fossils is known as the

A

geologic column

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18
Q

where can you find the geologic column

A

nowhere/textbook

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19
Q

Layers in the geologic column are identified by the presence of characteristic
or
what fossils we use to date layers of the geologic column?

A

Index fossils

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20
Q

—the logical fallacy of basing an argument on the very premise it attempts to prove

A

circular reasoning

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21
Q

Evolutionists also use a technique
known as ___________ ______ to lend credence to the ancient dates used in the geologic column
or
dating fossils using half-lives

A

radiometric dating

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22
Q

show a sudden outburst of complex organisms of great variety, with no evidence of ancestors in the practically empty Precambrian rocks (Just a burst of life that came out of nowhere)
or
sudden appearance of life in the fossil record

A

cambrian explosion

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23
Q

the weird fish that was claimed by evolutionist as a transitional form

A

Coelacanth

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24
Q

the bird fossil that was also claimed as a transitional form

A

Archaeopteryx

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25
Name the three problems with the horse series
1. The migration pattern is out of order and is found all over the world 2. "ancestors" and "Descendants" are found in the same rock layer 3. currently living members of the horse kind vary greatly in size and other characteristics
26
Charles Darwin’s book on the origin of mankind
descent of man
27
what is the main difference between man and ape
Man is made in the image of God
28
WAS A HOAX. Apparently, someone had carefully filed the teeth of an orangutan’s jaw fragment to make the jaw look human-like, treated it with chemicals to make it look “ancient,” and buried it alongside similarly treated human skull fragments in a place where they would be easily found
piltdown man
29
This missing link was “reconstructed” from a single tooth
Nebraska man
30
originally based on a chimpanzee-sized fossil nicknamed “Lucy
Australopithecus afarensis
31
was very similar to modern orangutans
Ramapithecus
32
“handy man”
homo habilis
33
Taung skull
Australopithecus africanus
34
“upright man” or java man
homo erectus
35
similar fossils were unearthed in China near the city of Beijing also lost in ww2
Peking man
36
found in paris,was discovered in 1868 in southwest France, found in a cave
cro-magnon man
37
limestone cave perched on a cliff in Germany’s Neander Valley yielded the first skeletal remains of what would become known as
Neanderthal man
38
Name the three impossible transitional forms
bat wings amphibian eggs and bird lungs
39
the study of similarities and differences in the body structure of organisms, was founded by. And was also known as.
Georges Cuvier Comparative anatomy
40
has similar functions but different designs
Analogy
41
same function similar designs
homology
42
who made the watch maker hypothesis
William paley
43
what are random errors in an organisms materials called
mutations
44
what was the recorded natural selection in action
the peppered moth
45
what was the unborn baby evolution called
embryonic recapitulation
46
who created the hypothesis of embryonic recapitulation
Ernst Haeckel
47
creationist and evolutionists worldviews are a
faith
48
The study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment is
ecology
49
an organism’s environment or home as its
habitat
50
The relatively thin layer of Earth’s surface in which life exists is called the
biosphere
51
the basic unit of ecology and may be defined as the interrelated network of all organisms and their environment within a limited area
ecosystem
52
what is the smallest living unit of the biosphere
organism
53
abiotic factors
temperature radiation water wind soil atmosphere
54
where a creature not only lives but thrives
optimum range
55
plant eaters
herbavores
56
animal eaters
carnivores
57
a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relation­ships at each trophic level
food web
58
model used by ecologists to show the nutritional relationships among organisms in an eco­ system
food chain
59
the function or “occupation” of a living thing
Niche
60
close association with one another in a type of relationship called
symbiosis
61
one helped one harmed (you v.s. mosquitoes)
Parasitism
62
organisms share only an indirect relationship
neutralism
63
is a relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped
commensalism
64
both helped
mutualism
65
involves a predator­prey relation­ ship. One organism, the predator, hunts, kills, and eats another, the prey
predation
66
animal eat plant
Herbivory
67
another name for the water cycle
hydrologic cycle
68
biome for permafrost
arctic tundra
69
which has vegetation and climatic conditions similar to those of the Arctic tundra, although the soil has better drainage and lacks permafrost
alpine tundra
70
well defined seasons
temperate deciduous forset
71
African grassland with animals
savanna
72
ecosystems with a high solenity
marine ecosystem
73
freshwater mix with saltwater and or the sea
estuary
74
success from barren ground
Primary succession
75
man should have ________ over the earth and subdue it
dominion
76
take care of other peoples stuff basically
stewards
77
wise use of materials
conservation
78
starts with ready soil and pio­neer species, as in an abandoned field or a burned forest
secondary secession
79
essays:
two types of secession impossible transitions
80
the first organisms that colonize a disturbed ecosyste
Pioneer species:

biology (26 decks)

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