chapter 14 and 15 test Flashcards
what is the basis for one’s philosophy
world view
who is responsible for the acceptance of evolution
Charles darwin
what was the book that Darwin read on his voyage
principles of geology
who wrote principles of geology
Charles Lyell
the idea that the present is the only key to the past and that all things continue by natural processes at the same rates as they always have
uniformitarianism
what is the book that Darwin wrote during his voyage
Origin of species
the idea that the fittest and strongest members of each species were more likely to survive and reproduce than weaker
Natural selection/Survival of the fittest
variety within kinds have _____ _______
definite boundaries
sought to improve the human species by selectively breeding humans to produce a “master race
Eugenics
the changes within a particular kind of organism
Speciation/ micro-evolution
the hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time
macro evolution
how often had Macroevolution been observed in nature
never
the remains or impressions of plants,
animals, and humans preserved in sedimentary rock
fossils
the study of fossils
paleontology
fossils that connect one kind of organism with another kind by a series of tiny steps.
transitional forms
Whereas Darwin taught that new organisms came about through the constant, gradual accumulation of small changes
punctuated equilibrium hypothesis
This simple-to-complex sequence of fossils is known as the
geologic column
where can you find the geologic column
nowhere/textbook
Layers in the geologic column are identified by the presence of characteristic
or
what fossils we use to date layers of the geologic column?
Index fossils
—the logical fallacy of basing an argument on the very premise it attempts to prove
circular reasoning
Evolutionists also use a technique
known as ___________ ______ to lend credence to the ancient dates used in the geologic column
or
dating fossils using half-lives
radiometric dating
show a sudden outburst of complex organisms of great variety, with no evidence of ancestors in the practically empty Precambrian rocks (Just a burst of life that came out of nowhere)
or
sudden appearance of life in the fossil record
cambrian explosion
the weird fish that was claimed by evolutionist as a transitional form
Coelacanth
the bird fossil that was also claimed as a transitional form
Archaeopteryx
Name the three problems with the horse series
- The migration pattern is out of order and is found all over the world
- “ancestors” and “Descendants” are found in the same rock layer
- currently living members of the horse kind vary greatly in size and other characteristics
Charles Darwin’s book on the origin of mankind
descent of man
what is the main difference between man and ape
Man is made in the image of God
WAS A HOAX. Apparently, someone had carefully filed the teeth of an orangutan’s jaw fragment to make the jaw look human-like, treated it with chemicals to make it look “ancient,” and buried it alongside similarly treated human skull fragments in a place where they would be easily found
piltdown man
This missing link was “reconstructed” from a single tooth
Nebraska man
originally based on a chimpanzee-sized fossil nicknamed “Lucy
Australopithecus afarensis
was very similar to modern orangutans
Ramapithecus
“handy man”
homo habilis
Taung skull
Australopithecus africanus
“upright man” or java man
homo erectus
similar fossils
were unearthed in China near the city of Beijing also lost in ww2
Peking man
found in paris,was discovered in 1868 in southwest France, found in a cave
cro-magnon man
limestone cave perched on a cliff in Germany’s Neander Valley yielded the first skeletal remains of what would become known as
Neanderthal man
Name the three impossible transitional forms
bat wings
amphibian eggs
and bird lungs
the study of similarities and differences in the body structure of organisms, was founded by.
And was also known as.
Georges Cuvier
Comparative anatomy
has similar functions but different designs
Analogy
same function similar designs
homology
who made the watch maker hypothesis
William paley
what are random errors in an organisms materials called
mutations
what was the recorded natural selection in action
the peppered moth
what was the unborn baby evolution called
embryonic recapitulation
who created the hypothesis of embryonic recapitulation
Ernst Haeckel
creationist and evolutionists worldviews are a
faith
The study of how living things interact with one
another and with their physical environment is
ecology
an organism’s environment or home as its
habitat
The relatively thin layer of Earth’s surface in which life exists is called the
biosphere
the basic unit of ecology and may be defined as the interrelated network of all organisms and their environment within a limited area
ecosystem
what is the smallest living unit of the biosphere
organism
abiotic factors
temperature
radiation
water
wind
soil
atmosphere
where a creature not only lives but thrives
optimum range
plant eaters
herbavores
animal eaters
carnivores
a model used by ecologists to show all possible feeding relationships at each trophic level
food web
model used by ecologists to show
the nutritional relationships among organisms in an eco system
food chain
the function or “occupation” of a living thing
Niche
close association with one another in a type of relationship called
symbiosis
one helped one harmed
(you v.s. mosquitoes)
Parasitism
organisms share only an indirect
relationship
neutralism
is a
relationship in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor helped
commensalism
both helped
mutualism
involves a predatorprey relation ship. One organism, the predator, hunts, kills, and eats another, the prey
predation
animal eat plant
Herbivory
another name for the water cycle
hydrologic cycle
biome for permafrost
arctic tundra
which has vegetation and climatic conditions similar to those of the Arctic tundra, although the soil has better drainage and lacks permafrost
alpine tundra
well defined seasons
temperate deciduous forset
African grassland with animals
savanna
ecosystems with a high solenity
marine ecosystem
freshwater mix with saltwater and or the sea
estuary
success from barren ground
Primary succession
man should have ________ over the earth and subdue it
dominion
take care of other peoples stuff basically
stewards
wise use of materials
conservation
starts with ready soil and pioneer species, as in an abandoned field or a burned forest
secondary secession
essays:
two types of secession
impossible transitions
the first organisms that colonize a disturbed ecosyste
Pioneer species:
