Exam 2; Gingival Diseases 1

Question 1

Gingival inflammation clinically presenting as gingivitis is NOT always due to what

Answer 1

accumulation of plaque on the tooth surface

Question 2

What are two examples of gingival lesions of specific bacterial origin

Answer 2

infective gingivitis and stomatitis

Question 3

How would you diagnose gingival lesions of specific bacterial origin

Answer 3

biopsy

microbiologic examination

Question 4

What are two viruses that can cause gingival lesions

Answer 4

herpes simplex 1 and 2

varicella-zoster

Question 5

What are some symptoms of PHS (primary hepatic gingivostomatitis)

Answer 5

painful severe gingivitis with redness
ulcerations with serofibrinous exudate
edema accompanied with stomatitis

Question 6

What are three characteristics of PHS (primary hepatic gingivostomatitis)

Answer 6

incubation period is 1 week
formation of vesicles, which rupture and coalesce and leave fibrin-coated ulcers
healing within 10-14 days

Question 7

The herpes virus can stay latent where

Answer 7

in the trigeminal ganglion

Question 8

What diseases has the herpes virus been found in

Answer 8

gingivitis
NUD/NUP
periodontitis

Question 9

Describe recurrent herpetic infections; herpes labialis

Answer 9

more than once a year
vermillion border and/or the skin adjacent to it
20-40% of individuals with primary infection
trauma. UV light, fever, menstruation

Question 10

How would you diagnose a recurrent herpetic infection

Answer 10

generally considered an aphtous ulceration

ulcerations in the attached gingiva and hard palate

Question 11

What is the treatment of gingival lesions of viral origin

Answer 11

careful plaque removal to limit bacterial superinfection of the ulcerations
systemic uptake of an antiviral medication

Question 12

This virus causes small ulcers on the tongue, palate, and gingiva; can be unilateral

Answer 12

herpes zoster

Question 13

Where is the herpes zoster virus latent

Answer 13

dorsal root ganglion

2nd and 3rd branch of trigeminal ganglion

Question 14

How would you diagnose herpes zoster infection

Answer 14

usually obvious due to unilateral occurrence of the lesions associated with severe pain

Question 15

What are the symptoms of a herpes zoster infection

Answer 15

skin and intraoral lesions

pain and paresthesia

Question 16

What is the treatment for a herpes zoster infection

Answer 16

soft diet
atraumatic removal of plaque
dilute chlorahexidiene rinses
anti-viral drug therapy

Question 17

What are the three most common fungal infections that may affect the oral cavity

Answer 17

candidosis
linear gingival erythema
histoplasmosis

Question 18

What happens when infected with candidosis

Answer 18

reduced host defense

it is frequently isolated from the sub gingival flora of patients with severe periodontitis

Question 19

What are three symptoms of a candidosis infection

Answer 19

painless or slightly sensitive
red and white lesions
lesions can be scraped or separated from the mucosa

Question 20

Who are some patients who are susceptible to candidosis infection

Answer 20

cancer patients receiving radiation/chemo
patients using several antibiotics
diabetic
women who develop vaginal candidosis
pregnancy and the use of contraceptives

Question 21

How would you diagnose a candidosis infection

Answer 21

culture
microscopic examination of a stained smears
burning tongue

Question 22

What is the treatment for a candidosis infection

Answer 22

use of antimycotic/antifungal agents

Question 23

What are the clinical characteristics of gingival candidate infections

Answer 23

redness of the attached gingiva

often associated with a granular surface

Question 24

What are the characteristics of linear gingival erythema

Answer 24

distinct linear erythematous and limited to the free gingiva
lack of bleeding
C. albicans
50% of HIV associated sites 
immunosuppression

Question 25

What is the treatment for linear gingival erythema

Answer 25

does not respond well to improved oral hygiene or to scaling
conventional therapy plus chlorahexadiene rinse
antimycotic therapy if candidia is detected

Question 26

This is a granulomatous disease caused by histoplasma

Answer 26

histoplasmosis

Question 27

What are the symptoms of histoplasmosis

Answer 27

any area of the oral mucosa; mainly the tongue

nodular or papillary and later may become ulcerative type of lesions with pain

Question 28

How would you diagnose histoplasmosis

Answer 28

clinical view and histopathology

systemic manifestations

Question 29

What is the treatment for histoplasmosis

Answer 29

systemic antifungal therapy

Question 30

What are two symptoms of hereditary gingival fibromatosis

Answer 30

diffuse gingival enlargement

may interfere with or prevent tooth eruption

Question 31

What can cause a diffuse fiery red edematous gingivitis sometimes with ulcerations or whitening

Answer 31

allergic reactions

Question 32

What can cause allergies to occur in the oral cavity

Answer 32

dental restorative materials

oral hygiene products, chewing gum, and food

Question 33

What can cause chemical traumatic lesions

Answer 33

surface etching by various chemical products with toxic properties

Question 34

What can result from a physical traumatic lesion

Answer 34

hyperkeratosis; a white leukoplakia-like, frictional keratosis
gingival laceration resulting in gingival recession
traumatic ulcerative gingival lesion

Question 35

What can cause thermal injury

Answer 35

minor burns from hot beverages
mostly seen on palatal and labial mucosa
painful erythematous lesions
vesicles may develop

Question 36

What can cause a foreign body reaction

Answer 36

epithelial ulceration that allows entry of foreign material into gingival connecting tissue
can be detected via X-rays