Exam 1; Classification and Epidemiology of Periodontal Disease Flashcards
True or False
The definitions of health, illness, and disease have varied with the times
True
The successful management of periodontal disease depends in the ability of a clinician to do what three things
accurate diagnosis of periodontal disease
predict the affect of the systemic status of the patient on the course of the disease
confirm the prediction with assessment of therapeutic outcomes
This is a diverse family of complex and distinct pathological entities found within the periodontium that are the result of etiologies
periodontal disease
What are the two periodontal diseases that different depending on the severity of destruction
gingival diseases
destructive periodontal disease (periodontitis)
This is the study of disease origin and spread and pattern of disease development
epidemiolog
This is the number of cases of a disease or condition per population at risk at a particular point in time
prevalence
This is the number of new cases of a disease or condition over a specified period of time
incidence
What is the attachment level
the distance from the CEJ to the JE
What are the three characteristics common to all gingival diseases
clinical signs and symptoms associated with stable attachment levels on a periodontium with no loss of attachment
reversiblility of the disease by removing the etiologies
possible role as a precursor to attachment loss around teeth
What are the five clinical signs on inflammation common to all gingival diseases
enlarged gingival contours due to edema or fibrosis
color transition to a red and/or bluish-red hue
elevated sulcular temperature
bleeding upon stimulation
increased gingival exudate
Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors associated with what three things
the endocrine system
blood dyscrasias
medications
nutrition
What are some endocrinotropic gingival diseases
puberty-assocaited
menstrual cycle-associated
pregnancy-associated
diabetes mellitus-associated
What two things are associated with leukemia-associated gingivitis
gingival lesions are primarily found in acute leukemia
reductions in dental plaque can limit the severity of a lesion
What are two gingival diseases modified by medications
drug influenced gingival enlargements
oral contraceptive associated gingivitis
What three things are involved with gingival disease modified by nutrition, specifically ascorbic acid-deficiency gingivitis
malnourished individuals have compromised host defense systems making them susceptible to infectious diseases
the precise role of nutrition in periodontal diseases remains elucidated
human studies have failed to show relationship between periodontal diseases and nutrition
Are males or females more likely to have gingival inflammation (50%;40%)
Men
What is the main indicator that changes the diagnosis from gingival diseases to periodontitis-like
presence or absence of attachment loss
What are the five clinical manifestations of chronic periodontitis
pocket formation loss of attachment bleeding/suppuration bone loss tooth mobility and drifting
In which group of people id chronic periodontitis most prevalent
adults, but can occur in children and adolescents
Destruction in chronic periodontitis is consistent with what
local factors
This is a frequent finding in chronic periodontitis
subgingival calculus
Chronic periodontitis has what type of microbial pattern
a variable one
What is the progression of chronic periodontitis
slow to moderate progression; may have periods of rapid progression
Chronic periodontitis can be associated with local predisposing factors and may be modified by and/or associated with what two things
systemic diseases
environmental factors such as smoking or stress
What two things can chronic periodontitis be classified upon
extent and severity
What two categories on extent can chronic periodontitis be classified as
localized (≤30)
generalized (>30%)
What are the three categories of classifying the severity of chronic periodontitis
slight (1mm-2mm CAL)
moderate (3mm-4mm CAL)
severe (> 5mm CAL)
This was formally known as pre-pubertal, localized/generalized juvenile, early-onset periodontitis and can be identified as localized or generalized
aggressive periodontitis
What are the three common features of aggressive periodontitis
systemically healthy
rapid attachment loss and bone destruction
familial aggregation
What are 6 secondary features of aggressive periodontitis
generally but may not be universally present
microbial deposits are inconsistent with the amount of periodontal destruction
elevated AA and P. gingivalis
phagocyte abnormalities
hyper-responseive macrophage phenotype
progression may be self-arresting
What kind of serum antibody response to infecting agents is there in localized aggressive periodontitis
robust
What are the restraints of diagnosing LAP
inter proximal attachment loss on at least 2 permanent teeth; one of which is a molar
involving no more than 2 teeth other than first molars and incisors
What is the type age of those affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis
usually patient under 30
What kind of serum anti body response to infecting agents is there in generalized aggressive periodontitis
poor
Generalized aggressive periodontitis has pronounced episodic nature of what
destruction of attachment and bone
What are the retrains of diagnosing GAP
generalized inter proximal attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than first molars and incisors
Periodontitis is a manifestation of systemic diseases associated with what two hematologic disorders
acquired neutropenia
leukemias
What three things are associated with the periodontium involving down syndrome
severe inflammation
accelerated attachment loss
PMN chemotaxis and killing defects
Typically, genetic disorders involving periodontitis have which symptoms
rapid periodontal destruction around primary and permanent teeth
This necrotizing periodontal disease is limited to gingival tissues
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)
This necrotizing periodontal disease is a lesion confined to the periodontal tissues
necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
What is the prevalence of necrotizing periodontal disease in developing and developed countries
very rare in developed countries
relevant in developing countries
What are the early clinical signs of necrotizing periodontal disease
necrotic lesion of the papilla initially then progressing to gingival margin
punched out appearance
spontaneousbleeding
pain
What are the advanced lesion signs on necrotizing periodontal disease
lack of deep pockets merging of papillary and marginal involvement crater formation involvement of PDL and alveolar bone (NUG --> NUP)
in NUPs the involvement of palatal mucosa leads to what
necrotizing stomatitis
In NUPs there is involvement with these “glands”
regional lymph nodes
NUP is typically related to what
severely compromised immune system (HIV, malnutrition, etc.) and may develop into a life-threatening situation
What systemic symptoms are there with NPD
fever and malaise
moderate elevation of temperature
What becomes of the membranes involving NPDs
white membranes of desquamated cells, bacteria, and saliva proteins
membrane can be easily removed
These types of abscess of the periodontium have localized acute/inflammation/vital pulp
gingival and pericoronal abscesses
This type of abscess of the periodontium have localized, acute, or chronic inflammation/vital pulp
periodontal
This abscess is located in the crown of a partially erupted tooth
pericoronal
This abscess is located in moderate/deep pockets and may lead to bone destruction
periodontal
This abscess is located in margins and inter-denal tissues
gingival
What is the prevalence of chronic periodontal diseases
adult = 20% seniors = 50%
What is the prevalence of aggressive periodontal diseases
localized = 0.2%-2.6% generalized = 0.13%
What are the two general etiological factors distinguishing periodontal diseases
plaque induced
non-plaque induced
