Exam 1; Dental Calculus Flashcards

1
Q

This is mineralized plaque that forms on the surfaces of natural teeth and dental prostheses

A

dental calculus

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2
Q

What are the two types of dental calclus

A

supragingival

subgingival

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3
Q

This type of calculus is white/white-ish yellow, clay like in consistency, easily detached from the teeth, and is commonly found opposite salivary ducts

A

supragingival

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4
Q

This type of calculus is usually hard and dense, dark colored, extending to the base of the pocket but not covering the JE

A

subginvigal

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5
Q

What are the four methods for detecting calculus

A

tactile expoloration
dental radiographs (not always)
blast of air to open gingival margin
color of the overlying gingiva

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6
Q

True or False

Calculus represents a secondary products of infection is and a primary cause of periodontitis

A

False; it does represent secondary products of infection but it is NOT a primary cause of periodontitis

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7
Q

What are the two main mechanisms of attachment of calculus

A

underlying pellicle

penetration of surface irregularities

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8
Q

What changes does the pellicle undergo in order for calculus to attach

A

the pellicle calcifies and attaches to cementum, enamel, or dentin

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9
Q

What are four examples of penetration of surface irregularities which allow for calculus to attach

A

caries
exposed root cementum
previous insertion of Sharpey’s fibers
root resorption

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10
Q

Where does mineralization of calculus begin

A

in bacterial colonies or ECM

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11
Q

This form a calcium phosphate is the basis for supra gingival calculus formation and is seen in recent (<2 week old) calculus

A

brushite (CaH(PO4)x2H2O)

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12
Q

This form of calcium phosphate is predominant in exterior layers and forms platelet like crystals

A

octa calcium phosphate (Ca4H(PO4))3 x 2H2O

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13
Q

This form of calcium phosphate is predominant in layers of old calculus and forms rod or sand-grain like crystals

A

hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3 x OH

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14
Q

This form of calcium phosphate is the most common form in sub gingival calculus and has hexagonal crystals

A

whitlockite β-Ca3(PO4)2

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15
Q

True or False

calculus is not the etiological agent of periodontitis

A

True

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16
Q

Calculus is covered by a layer of what

A

visible plaque

17
Q

Roughness of calculus does not initiate what

A

gingivitis

18
Q

Calculus impedes what

A

oral hygiene measures

19
Q

Calculus keeps plaque where

A

in close proximity to tissues

20
Q

Calculus is removed due to its what

A

plaque retentive nature