Exam 1; Susceptibility to Periodontal Diseases Flashcards
What is the definition of susceptibility
it is the state of being easily affected, influenced, or harmed by something
Different forms of periodontitis may gave different what
etiological factors
What is meant by saying that periodontitis is a clinical diagnosis
There is no “test” for periodontitis, you diagnose it similar to caries diagnosis
What three things lead to periodontal inflammation
genetic modifiers
specific bacteria
environmental modifiers
These activate the mechanism in the periodontal tissues that lead to inflammation
bacteria
The magnitude and quality of periodontal tissue changes are determined not only by the bacteria but what else
by the patient’s genetics and environmental modifiers such as smoking
The net result of the bacteria and genetic/environmental modifiers produces what
the clinical severity of disease
Periodontal diseases are what type of infections
specific mixed infections; does not follow Koch’s postulats
Periodontal diseases cause periodontal destruction in which type of host
the appropriately susceptible host
True or False
Periodontopathic bacterial flora is necessary but not sufficient for disease
True
What is the odds ratio environmental risk factor of smoking and periodontitis
2.5-3.7
What is the odds ratio environmental risk factor of diabetes and periodontitis
2.8-3.4
What type of genetic modifier example falls under Mendallian inheritance
a single gene autosomal gene causes heredity gingival fibromatosis
What type of genetic modifier examples falls under chromosomal disorder
Down Syndrome; trisomy 21
Turner Syndrome; only one X chromosome
What type of genetic modifier example falls under complex gene disorders
things like cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and destructive periodontal diseases
What type of genetic modifier example falls under polymorphisms
two or more different phenotypes exist within different individuals
What type of genetic modifier example falls under SNPs
it is the difference of a single nucleotide; sickle cell anemia
What three things can complex gene disorder involve
mutlifactoral (polygenic) interactions
gene-gene interactions
gene-environment interactions
True or False
The contribution of any single factor is sufficient to cause disease
False; the contribution of any single factor alone is not sufficient to cause a disease
True or False
Multiple genes and environmental factors contribute collectively to cause a disease
True
What are the five characteristics of complex gene traits
common in the population no clear familial transmission adult age onset environmental factors etiological too combination of multiple small genetic and environmental factors
True or False
There is evidence that multiple different genes are important in periodontitis
True (genetic heterogeneity)
Genetic pre-disposition may act through what three different mechanisms
structural defects
immune response defects
WBC defects
True or False
There are a few genetic polymorphisms reported with periodontitis
False; there are MANY!
This type of relationship is very difficult to prove for complex genetic diseases
cause and effect
This will not be diagnostic for a complex gene disease
SNP
What are the four reasons that an SNP will not be diagnostic for a complex gene disorder
no single gene contributes enough to CAUSE disease alone
environmental factors are important/required to cause disease
need to study many people in standardized way to identify an association between SNP and disease state
human populations are mixed in terms of gene polymorphisms and environmental exposures
Evidence supports this model involving periodontits
complex genetic model involving gene-gene and gene-environmental interaction
