Exam 1; Anatomy of the Periodontium

Question 1

What are the four things that compose the periodontium

Answer 1

gingiva
periodontal ligament
root cementum
alveolar bone

Question 2

What are the two endings of the PDL called

Answer 2

bundle bone when attached directly to bone

Sharpay’s fibers when attached to cementum

Question 3

What are the two functions of the periodontium

Answer 3

attach the tooth to bony tissue of the jaw

maintain integrity of the masticatory mucosa

Question 4

The cells that develop into the periodontium originate from where

Answer 4

neural crest (neural tube)

Question 5

The stoma deal epithelium releases factors which initiate what

Answer 5

epithelial-ectomesenchymal interactions

Question 6

What two structures does the dental papilla give rise to

Answer 6

the dentin and pulp

Question 7

What structure does the dental follicle give rise to

Answer 7

the periodontium

Question 8

This structure determines the shape and form of the tooth

Answer 8

dental papilla

Question 9

Why do you not bleed upon eruption of the teeth?

Answer 9

because the tooth follows an epithelium lined canal with no vessels

Question 10

This gives rise to the junctional epithelium

Answer 10

reduced enamel epithelium

Question 11

The inner cells of the root sheath secrete what

Answer 11

enamel-related proteins; amelogenins

Question 12

What is the role of amelogenins

Answer 12

it induces differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells of the folic contacting root surface to differentiate into cementoblasts

Question 13

This is formed by fibroblasts that are differentiated from the dental follicle lateral to the cementum

Answer 13

periodontal ligament

Question 14

These differentiate from dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells

Answer 14

osteoblasts (alveolar bone proper)

Question 15

True or False

Ectomesenchymal cells do not remain in the mature periodontium

Answer 15

False; they do and participate in turnover (cementoblasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts)

Question 16

This is the part of the masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth

Answer 16

gingiva

Question 17

What are the three parts of the gingiva

Answer 17

free gingiva
attached gingiva
interdental papilla

Question 18

This extends from the free gingival margin to the free gingival groove

Answer 18

free gingiva

Question 19

What type of epithelium is the free gingiva composed of

Answer 19

keratinized epithelium

Question 20

This is the coronal end of the gingiva; located 1.5-2mm coronal to the CEJ

Answer 20

free gingival margin

Question 21

This is the junction between the free and attached gingiva corresponding to the CEJ; only found in 30-40% of adults

Answer 21

free gingival groove

Question 22

This gingival epithelium faces the oral cavity

Answer 22

oral epithelium

Question 23

This gingival epithelium faces the tooth surface without contacting it

Answer 23

oral sulcular epithelium

Question 24

This provides contact between the gingiva and the tooth

Answer 24

junctional epithelium

Question 25

This is the source of the oral sulcular epithelium

Answer 25

oral epithelium

Question 26

What is the microscopic limits of the free (marginal) gingiva

Answer 26

extending from the FGM to the JE

Question 27

What is the macroscopic limits of the free (marginal) gingiva)

Answer 27

extending from the FGM to the FGG

Question 28

Having a firm texture, coral pink in color, and immobile are all properties of what

Answer 28

attached gingiva

Question 29

What can cause the width to vary regarding the attached gingiva, and where is it the widest/narrowest

Answer 29

increases with age widest in incisors; narrowest in premolars mandibular lingual; narrowest in incisors, widest in molars

Question 30

These are small depressions on the attached gingiva; present in only 40% of adults

Answer 30

stippling

Question 31

This is the junction between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa

Answer 31

muccogingival junction

Question 32

True or False | The muccogingival junction extends to the palate

Answer 32

False; there is no muccogingival junction on the palate

Question 33

Why is there no muccogingival junction on the palate

Answer 33

because there is no alveolar bone; all keratinized tissue

Question 34

What is the keratinized gingiva composed of

Answer 34

The attached and marginal gingiva

Question 35

The marginal gingiva is also known as what

Answer 35

the sulcus

Question 36

If you are measuring 7mm of keratinized gingiva - 4mm sulcus, how much attached gingiva is there`

Answer 36

``` 3mm 7mm keratinized (attached + marginal) - 4mm sulcus (marginal) = 3mm attached ```

Question 37

What three things does the shape of the interdental papilla depend upon

Answer 37

the contact relationships between adjacent teeth width of approximate tooth surfaces course of CEJ

Question 38

This is the interdental papilla concavity seen in the contact regions of the premolar/molar; made of non-keratinized epithelium

Answer 38

col

Question 39

True or False | the col is prone to periodontal disease

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What becomes of the col upon tooth extraction

Answer 40

it will flatten and keratinize

Question 41

What are the four layers of the oral epithelium

Answer 41

basal layer (stratum basale) prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) granular cell layer (stratum granulosum) keratinized cell layer (stratum corneum)

Question 42

What two things occur from the basal layer to the granular layer

Answer 42

cytoplasmic tonofilaments and number of desmosomes increase | number of organelles increase

Question 43

What are the two cell types of the oral epithelium

Answer 43

keratinocytes (90%) | clear cells

Question 44

What three cells make up clear cells

Answer 44

melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel's cells

Question 45

This is present between the basal layer of oral epithelium and the CT; 1-2µm wide

Answer 45

basement membrane

Question 46

What molecules is the basement membrane rich in

Answer 46

glycoproteins | contains protein-polysaccharide complexes

Question 47

This layer of the basement membrane is adjacent to basal cells

Answer 47

lamina lucida

Question 48

This layer of the basement membrane is adjacent to connective tissue

Answer 48

lamina densa

Question 49

These are dense plaques that attach the epithelium to the basement membrane

Answer 49

hemidesmosomes

Question 50

What causes stippling

Answer 50

fusion of the rete pegs where the connective tissue suppose is lost in thick gingiva (the rete peg is the epithelial projection)