Exam 2; Dental Plaque Induced Gingivitis

Question 1

What are some examples of gingival diseases modified with systemic factors

Answer 1

associated with endocrine system
puberty induced
menstrual cycle
pregnancy
diabetes
associated with blood; leukemia

Question 2

What are two gingival diseases modified by medications

Answer 2

gingival enlargements

oral contraceptive associated gingivitis

Question 3

What is a gingival disease modified by malnutrition

Answer 3

ascorbic acid deficiency gingivitis

Question 4

What is the term of gingivitis around implants

Answer 4

peri-mucositis

Question 5

What are the 6 common characteristics to all gingival diseases

Answer 5

1. signs and symptoms limited to the gingiva
2. presence of dental plaque
3. clinical signs of inflammation
4. clinical signs and symptoms associated on a periodontium with NO attachment loss or on a stable nut reduced periodontium
5. reversibility of disease by removing the etiology
6. possible role as a precursor to attachment loss

Question 6

what are 5 common clinical changes from health to gingivitis

Answer 6

color
texture/edema
bleeding
exudate
plaque

Question 7

What is the color of severely inflamed gingiva

Answer 7

red and cyanotic; no oxygen = purple/blue

Question 8

Where does the change of color of inflamed gingiva begin

Answer 8

starts in the interdental papilla and gingival margin and then spreads to the attached gingiva

Question 9

This occurs with increasing inflammation due to dilation and engorgement of the capillaries and the thinning or ulceration of the sulcular epithelium

Answer 9

gingival bleeding

Question 10

Spontaneous bleeding occurs in acute/severe gingival disease and may be related to what

Answer 10

systemic health problems

Question 11

Healthy gingiva is firm and resilient, when inflamed, what three things occur

Answer 11

increased ECF and exudate
degeneration of connective tissue and epithelium
engorged connective tissue and thinning of epithelium

Question 12

Chronic inflammation of the gingiva can induce what

Answer 12

fibrosis and epithelial proliferation

Question 13

Healthy gingiva has a dull surface texture with stippling present in some cases, when inflamed, what three things occur

Answer 13

loss of stifling
smooth and shiny, if exudate changes occur
firm and modular, if fibrotic changes occur

Question 14

In healthy gingiva, it is scalloped with gingiva filling the interdental spaces, but with inflammation what occurs

Answer 14

knife edge gingival adaptation or loose gingival margins

in some cases, clefts or festoons may develop

Question 15

What is the primary etiologic factor of gingivitis

Answer 15

bacterial plaque

Question 16

What are four secondary etiological factors of gingivitis

Answer 16

calculus
marginal deficiencies in restorations and rough surfaces
malocclusion
tooth/root anomalies

Question 17

Describe the biologic width

Answer 17

a minimun digestion of 3mm coronal to the alveolar crest, to permit healing and proper restoration

Question 18

Periodontitis starts with what

Answer 18

gingivitis!

but gingivitis does not always progress into periodontitis

Question 19

How does gingivitis lead to periodontitis

Answer 19

progression of the inflammatory process to the underlying connective tissue attachment and PDL, can be recurrent

Question 20

True or False
Recurrent inflammation may be confined to the gingival tissues and may not cause further attachment loss, but still diagnosed as recurrent periodontitis

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Gingival disease are modified by what

Answer 21

endocrine factors

Question 22

What causes pregnancy associated gingivitis

Answer 22

exaggerated localized host response modulated by levels of endogenous hormones causing changes in the microbiota; 2nd trimester

Question 23

While clinically detectable changes do not seem to be associated with the menstrual cycle, what does

Answer 23

there has been shown to be a 20% increase in GCF

Question 24

This commonly arises from the proximal gingival tissues and has a pedunculated base; is a highly vascularized mass of granulation tissue

Answer 24

pyogenic granuloma of pregnancy

Question 25

What can cause some gingival disease modified by malnutrition

Answer 25

deficiency in vitamin C

lack of vitamins A, B2, and B12

Question 26

What are some systemic conditions that can modify gingival diseases

Answer 26

diabetes mellitus
leukemias
thrombocytopenia
cyclic neutropenia

Question 27

What are 3 commonly used drugs that are associated with gingival overgrowth

Answer 27

anticonvulsants (phenytoin)
immunosuppressants
calcium channel blocking agents

Question 28

This can cause pain, ulceration and necrosis of the interdental papilla, and bleeding

Answer 28

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Question 29

What are three predisposing factors for NUG

Answer 29

systemic diseases like ulcerative colitis, blood dyscrasias, and nutritional deficiency states
abnormalities of WBC function
AIDS

Question 30

What are the differences in the cause of NUG and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHS)

Answer 30

NUG = bacteria
PHS = herpes simplex

Question 31

What are the differences in symptoms between NUG and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHS)

Answer 31

NUG = ulceration and necrotic tissue, yellowish-white plaque
PHS = multiple vesicles which burst leaving small round fibrin covered ulcers

Question 32

What are the differences in duration of NUG and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHS)

Answer 32

NUG = 1-2 days if treated
PHS = 1-2 weeks

Question 33

What are the differences in contagious-ness of NUG and primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (PHS)

Answer 33

NUG = No
PHS = Yes