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Psyc of Personality 336 > Exam 2 - Audio Notes 2 (10/04) > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Audio Notes 2 (10/04) Flashcards

1
Q

Brian Little -
3 natures

  • Biogenic nature
  • _________ nature
  • Idiogenic nature
A

Sociogenic

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2
Q

Brian Little -
3 natures

  • _________ nature
  • Sociogenic nature
  • _________ nature
A
  • Biogenic

- Idiogenic

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3
Q

Brian Little -
3 natures

  • _________ nature - cultural and social aspects (2nd nature)
A

Sociogenic

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4
Q

Brian Little -
3 natures

  • _________ nature -what makes you you - idiosyncratic you
A

Idiogenic

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5
Q

Brian Little -

Our Core _________ are what make us unique

A

projects

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6
Q

Brian Little -

Traits matter, they predict _________ but we are not so black and white, we can reach outside of our normal _________ ,

A
  • behavior

- behaviors

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7
Q

Brian Little -

Traits matter, they predict behavior but we are not so _________, we can reach _________ of our normal behaviors,

A
  • black and white

- outside

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8
Q

Brian Little -

-We are inherently _________

A

flexible

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9
Q

_________ -

respond to someone because of an expectation that you have

A

Expectancy Theorem

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10
Q

assess accuracy -

Security and predictability - We like to be able to _________ what is and will happen

A

predict

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11
Q

(WHO)

Intellectual expectancy effects
• _________

A

Rosenthal and Jacobson

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12
Q

Intellectual expectancy effects
• Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968):

  • _________ ,
  • feedback,
  • _________ ,
  • output
A
  • climate

- input

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13
Q

Intellectual expectancy effects
• Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968):

  • climate,
  • _________ ,
  • input,
  • _________
A
  • feedback

- output

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14
Q

Intellectual expectancy effects
• Rosenthal and Jacobson

Because you _________ a person to be a certain way, such has cold personality, you will _________ a situation where they are more likely to be cold

A
  • expect

- create

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15
Q

Intellectual expectancy effects
• Rosenthal and Jacobson

Your _________ of a personality trait, tends to _________ that personality trait

A
  • expectation

- increase

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16
Q

_________ -

Because you expect a person to be a certain way, such has cold personality, you will create a situation where they are more likely to be cold

A

Intellectual expectancy effects

• Rosenthal and Jacobson

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17
Q

_________-

Your expectation of a personality trait, tends to increase that personality trait

A

Intellectual expectancy effects

• Rosenthal and Jacobson

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18
Q

Expectancies

Our own expectancies tend to change the _________ that other people operate in

A

environment

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19
Q

Our own _________ tend to shape interactions

A

Expectancies

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20
Q

(WHO)

Many-trait approach - _________

A

Cattell

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21
Q

_________ approach - You are this one thing

A

Single-trait

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22
Q

_________ approach - We are combination of lots of different things and are in interaction of these things

A

Many-trait

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23
Q

_________ -
– 100 personality descriptions
– Sort into a forced choice, symmetrical, and normal distribution
– Compare characteristics within an individual

A

California Q-Set

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24
Q

California Q-Set (Q sort)
– 100 personality descriptions
– Sort into a _________ choice, symmetrical, and normal distribution
– Compare _________ within an individual

A
  • forced

- characteristics

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25
Q

_________ - OK Cupid test

A

California Q-Set

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26
Q

_________ - Force traits against each other

A

Q sort, Q-Test

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27
Q

Q sort, Q-Test - Force traits _________ each other

A

against

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28
Q

_________ -

Word use
– Certainty words: words you use to describe yourself says something about you

A

The Many-Trait Approach

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29
Q

The Many-Trait Approach -

_________ -
– Certainty words: words you use to describe yourself says something about you

A

Word use

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30
Q

The Many-Trait Approach -

Word use
– Certainty words: words you use to _________ yourself says something about _________

A
  • describe

- you

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31
Q

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

_________ : 16 essential traits

A

Cattell

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32
Q

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

Cattell: 16 essential _________

A

traits

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33
Q

_________ Approach - Hundreds of different words

A

The Many-Trait

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34
Q

_________ Approach-

Factor analytic approaches to reducing the many to a few

A

The Essential-Trait

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35
Q

The Essential-Trait Approach-

Factor analytic approaches to _________ the many to a _________

A
  • reducing

- few

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36
Q

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

_________ : extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

A

Eysenck

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37
Q

_________ – Eysenck: extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism

A

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

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38
Q

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

_________ : positive emotionality, negative emotionality, constraint

A

Tellegen

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39
Q

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

Tellegen: positive emotionality, _________ emotionality, _________

A
  • negative

- constraint

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40
Q

_________ -

Tellegen: positive emotionality, negative emotionality, constraint

A

-The Essential-Trait Approach-

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41
Q

_________ “That which tells what a person will do when placed in a given situation.

A

Catell’s definition: traits

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42
Q

Catell’s definition: traits

• “That which tells what a person will do when placed in a given _________ .

A

situation

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43
Q

Catell’s definition: traits

_________ ! No more subjec@vity

A

MATHEMATICAL

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44
Q

_________ : traits

MATHEMATICAL! No more subjec@vity

A

Catell’s definition

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45
Q

Catell’s definition: traits

R = f (S,P)

  • R = _________
  • f = function
  • S = _________
  • P = Personality
A
  • Bx response (behavior)

- Situation

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46
Q

Catell’s definition: traits

R = f (S,P)

  • R = Bx response (behavior)
  • f = _________
  • S = Situation
  • P = _________
A
  • function

- Personality

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47
Q

(WHO)

_________ -

R = f (S,P)

  • R = Bx response (behavior)
  • f = function
  • S = Situation
  • P = Personality
A

Catell’s definition: traits

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48
Q

Catell’s definition: traits

behavior is a function of _________ and _________

A
  • situations

- personality

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49
Q

_________ -

behavior is a function of situations and personality

A

Catell’s definition: traits

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50
Q

-Classifying Traits-

_________ : relatively permanent and broad reaction tendencies that serve as the building blocks of personality; traits initiate and guide behavior

A

Traits

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51
Q

-Classifying Traits-

Traits: relatively permanent and broad reaction _________ that serve as the building blocks of personality; traits _________ and guide behavior

A
  • tendencies

- initiate

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52
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits: determined by biology

A

Constitutional

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53
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits: determined by experience

A

Environmental-mold

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54
Q

_________ - traits are relatively permanent

A

Cattell

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55
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

– Environmental-mold traits: determined by experience
• _________

A

Multiple abstract variance analysis

56
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

Multiple abstract variance analysis (MAVA) determines what _________ go in which _________

A
  • traits

- category

57
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits: skills that enable individuals to cope effectively with problems posed by the environment

A

Ability

58
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

Ability traits: skills that enable individuals to cope effectively with _________ posed by the environment (Skill in dealing with _________ problems) * IQ goes here.

A
  • problems

- complex

59
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

Ability traits: skills that enable individuals to cope effectively with problems posed by the _________ (Skill in dealing with complex problems) * ___ goes here.

A
  • environment

- IQ

60
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits: innate tendencies to react to the environment in particular ways; includes such variables as the person’s moodiness, excitability, and activity level (i.e., bold, easygoing, irritable, etc.)

A

Temperament

61
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits: characteristics that embrace people’s motives and interests (these change!)

A

Dynamic

62
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits: observable trait that is controlled by an underlying source trait – collection of traits that “go together.” (i.e., boldness and motivation)

A

Surface

63
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits (Primary factors) : underlying characteristic inferred from the intercorrelations among a number of measured variables, or surface traits (controls variation in surface traits) – information about a persons way of reacting in a situation.

A

Source

64
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits - moodiness, excitability

A

Temperament

65
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits - interests (these change!)

A

Dynamic

66
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits - boldness and motivation

A

Surface

67
Q

-Classifying Traits- Catell

_________ traits - underlying characteristic

A

Source

68
Q

Problem with Catell’s 16 essential traits:

To much _________, not enough _________

A
  • overlap

- specificity

69
Q

Problem with _________ 16 essential traits:

To much overlap, not enough specificity

A

Catell’s

70
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________ - Language, the way we talk about traits

A

Lexical hypothesis

71
Q

-Big Five Traits-

lexical hypothesis (_________ , 1981)

A

Goldberg

72
Q

-Big Five Traits-

lexical hypothesis (Goldberg,) - is that the important aspects of human life will be labeled with _________, and that if something is truly important and _________, many words for it will exist in all _________

A
  • words
  • universal
  • languages
73
Q

-Big Five Traits-

lexical hypothesis (Goldberg,) - is that the important aspects of human life will be labeled with _________, and that if something is truly important and _________, many words for it will exist in all _________

A
  • words
  • universal
  • languages
74
Q

-Big Five Traits-

Traits are _________, or unrelated - You can be High or Low in one trait or another, they are not necessarily correlated

A

orthogonal

75
Q
  • Big Five Traits-
  • Big Five Traits-

Traits are orthogonal, or unrelated - You can be High or Low in one _________ or another, they are not necessarily _________

A
  • trait

- correlated

76
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________ : warm, gregarious, assertive, active, excitement seeking, dominant, optimistic, ambitious

A

Extraversion

77
Q
  • Big Five Traits-
  • Big Five Traits-

_________ : dominant, optimistic, ambitious

A

Extraversion

78
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– React less to sensory stimuli

A

Extraversion

79
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Advantages: higher status, rated as more popular and physically attractive, more positive emotions

A

Extraversion

80
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Disadvantage: mate poaching, argumentative, need to be in control, poor time management
– Sensitive to rewards and positive emotions

A

Extraversion

81
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________ : emotional instability, negative emotionality

A

Neuroticism

82
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Hostile, self-conscious, impulsive

A

Neuroticism

83
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Ineffective problem solving; strong
negative reactions to stress
– Sensitive to social threats

A

Neuroticism

84
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– General tendency toward psychopathology and
mental illness
– Life outcomes: problems in family rela@onships, dissa@sfied with jobs, criminal behavior

A

Neuroticism

85
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Competent, dutiful, achievement striving, self-disciplines
– Integrity tests

A

Conscientiousness

86
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Used to select employees
• Less biased than “aptitude” tests
– Predict job performance and absenteeism – Predict job performance for one’s spouse

A

Conscientiousness

87
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Predicts success in college
– Might explain motivation in general

A

Conscientiousness

88
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

  • Actually do less things to feel guilty about but still feel more guilty
A

Conscientiousness

89
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Predicts longer life expectancy
– Positively correlated with years of schooling

A

Conscientiousness

90
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

Pumped about making money, risk takers, dopamine lovers

A

Extraversion

91
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Conformity, friendly compliance, likeability, warmth, love
– Cooperative and easy to get along with

A

Agreeableness

92
Q

_________ - looks at people and Language cross culturally to explain personalities

A

Lexical hypothesis

93
Q

Lexical hypothesis - looks at people and _________ cross culturally to explain personalities

A

Language

94
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Rate others more positively
– Smoke less

A

Agreeableness

95
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Women tend to be higher than men
– Among children, related to less vulnerability of being bullied

A

Agreeableness

96
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

  • Moral activities
  • Life outcomes: involved in religious activities, psychologically well adjusted, healthy heart, recover quickly from accidents or ill
A

Agreeableness

97
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

– Most controversial trait
– Viewed by others as creative, imaginative, artistic, open-minded, and clever

A

Openness

98
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

  • Approach to intellectual matters or basic intelligence
  • Value of cultural matters
  • Creativity and perceptiveness
A

Openness

99
Q

-Big Five Traits-

_________-

-– Less replicable across samples and cultures (cross-culturally)
– Politically liberal

A

Openness

100
Q

_________ - informs into general ways that we behave, but we have the person situation problem, where these behaviors may change given the context we are in, not necessarily just the moment to moment context with the people around you, but the context of our _________ informs what traits we have

A
  • Big 5 Inventory

- entire lives

101
Q

Big 5 Inventory - informs into general ways that we _________, but we have the person situation problem, where these behaviors may change given the context we are in, not necessarily just the _________ context with the people around you, but the context of our entire lives informs what traits we have

A
  • behave

- moment to moment

102
Q

Big 5 Inventory - informs into general ways that we behave, but we have the _________ problem, where these behaviors may change given the _________ we are in, not necessarily just the moment to moment context with the people around you, but the context of our entire lives informs what traits we have

A
  • person-situation

- context

103
Q

Personality _________ that cant be explained by the big 5 -

Honesty, _________ - largely stable traits

A
  • characteristics

- humility

104
Q

Personality characteristics that cant be explained by the big 5 -

_________, humility - largely _________ traits

A
  • Honesty

- stable

105
Q

Problem with the Big 5 is it can be too _________ for _________

A
  • broad

- consistency

106
Q

-Personality traits vary by _________ region - Environment, or do people with certain personalities choose to live in certain areas?
Are we _________ us no matter where we are or influenced by environment

A
  • geographical

- fundamentally

107
Q

-Personality traits vary by geographical region - _________, or do people with certain personalities choose to live in certain areas?
Are we fundamentally us no matter where we are or influenced by _________

A
  • Environment

- environment

108
Q

Personality is relatively stable - because we have _________ consistency

A

Rank-order

109
Q

Personality _________ are also stable

A

disorders

110
Q

– Temperament is affected by _________

A

genetics

111
Q

Temperament - innate _________ way that we are

A

genetic

112
Q

Effortful control - Doesnt seem to _________, impulsive as a child you will be _________ as an adult

A
  • change

- impulsive

113
Q

-Personality Stability-

_________ -

Positive emotionality, negative emotionality, effortful control

A

Temperament

114
Q

_________- means that an underlying (developmental) process or impairment stays the same

A

Heterotypical continuity

115
Q

-Personality Stability-

Heterotypical continuity - means that an underlying (_________) process or impairment stays the _________

A
  • developmental

- same

116
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:

– Early experience: stress
— Development of _________, become more rigid

A

anxiety

117
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:

– Early experience: _________
— Development of anxiety, become more _________

A
  • stress

- rigid

118
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:

– _________- : active, reactive, evocative

A

Person-environment transactions

119
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:

– Person-environment transactions: active, _________, evocative

A

reactive

120
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:
Person-environment transactions: _________ - Seeking out parts of personality that we want to nourish

Ex.; deep thinkers, tend to go to _________,
where they end up thinking _________ more often

A
  • Active
  • college
  • deeply
121
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:

– Person-environment transactions: _________ - How we react differently to different stressors
-where _________ come first

A
  • reactivity

- stressors

122
Q

-Personality Stability-

Causes:

– Person-environment transactions: _________ - you react with your environment to change your environment

-You plant trees in your neighborhood, breath better oxygen, less _________

A
  • evocative

- stressed

123
Q

_________ -

Over time we get in more and more in touch with environments that are more conducive to our personality traits that we want

A

-Personality Development

124
Q

-Personality Development-

Over time we get in more and more in touch with _________ that are more conducive to our _________ traits that we want

A
  • environments

- personality

125
Q

-Personality Development-

_________ : may contribute to age differences in cross-sectional studies

-your peers create an environment for you that you have to live in

A

Cohort effects

126
Q

-Personality Development-

Cohort effects: may contribute to age differences in cross-sectional studies

-your peers create an _________ for you that you have to live in

A

environment

127
Q

-Personality Development-

People become more socially dominant, agreeable, _________, and emotionally stable; and _________ (up to age 50) and ego development increase

A
  • conscientious

- self-esteem

128
Q

-Personality Development-

People become _________ socially dominant, agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable; and self-esteem (up to age ___) and ego development increase

-Confirms the _________ principle

A
  • more
  • 50
  • maturity
129
Q

-Personality Development-

Narrative identity (there’s bias here)

– Three aspects: actor, _________, author

A

-agent

130
Q

-Personality Development-

Narrative identity (there’s bias here)

_________ - roles that we fill, socializing, being the kind of person you want to be

A

Actor

131
Q

-Personality Development-

Narrative identity (there’s bias here)

_________ - motivated by goals, values. who you are now aligns with who you are in future

A

Agent

132
Q

-Personality Development-

Narrative identity (there’s bias here)

_________ - your way of telling who you are and are going to be in the world

A

Author

133
Q

-Personality Development-

Goals across the lifespan _________

– Related to breadth of perspective about _________

A
  • change

- time

134
Q

Personality is characterized by stability over the _________, and also by significant _________

A
  • lifespan

- change

135
Q

Personality - There is no one _________ that can account for all things

A

measure

136
Q

Personality may not change if no reward available in _________

A

environment

Psyc of Personality 336 (19 decks)

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