Exam 2 - Audio Notes 1 (9/29) Flashcards
Traits are descriptions, rather than
_________ - 2 dimensional (doesn’t get the whole picture)
explanations
_________ are descriptions, rather than
explanations - ___ dimensional (doesn’t get the whole picture)
- Traits
- 2
Traits Can be _________, does not mean it is
accurate
Trait theory came about after psychodynamic theory to categorize people based on things we can _________ about people rather than things we _________ about people
- see
- say
_________ theory came about after _________ theory to categorize people based on things we can see about people rather than things we say about people
- Trait
- psychodynamic
Unlike psychodynamic theories where the emphasis is _________ - trait theory emphasis is on the _________ between people
- internal
- differences
Unlike _________ theories where the emphasis is internal - _________ theory emphasis is on the differences between people
- psychodynamic
- trait
Trait theory is a _________ approach
Categorical
Trait theory:
_________ - • Discrete, all or nothing categories. “melancholic, neurotic, etc.” Based on Hippocrates work
Typologies
Trait theory:
Typologies - • Discrete, all or nothing categories. “melancholic, neurotic, etc.” Based on _________ work
Hippocrates
(WHO)
Phrenology - _________
Franz Gall
_________ -
-The way you look indicates personality types
Phrenology
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- physical characteristics (shape and contour of the skull) indicate personality variables.
Phrenology - Franz Gall
(WHO)
– Body type trait theory: _________
William Sheldon
_________ : William Sheldon
– Body type trait theory
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
- Endomorphy
- _________
- ectomorphy.
-mesomorphy
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
- _________
- mesomorphy
- _________
- Endomorphy
- ectomorphy
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– _________: social, complacent, capable of easy communication
— Stout, round, fleshy people, social, easy going
-Endomorphy
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– Endomorphy: social, _________, capable of easy _________
— Stout, round, fleshy people, social, easy going
- complacent
- communication
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– _________ :
— Stout, round, fleshy people, social, easy going
-Endomorphy
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– Endomorphy:
— Stout, _________, fleshy people, _________, easy going
- round
- social
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– _________ : adventurous, bold, aggressive, energetic
—Tall broad shoulders, athletic
-Mesomorphs
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– Mesomorphs: adventurous, _________, aggressive, _________
—Tall broad shoulders, athletic
- bold
- energetic
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– _________ :
—Tall broad shoulders, athletic
Mesomorphs
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– Mesomorphs:
—Tall broad _________, athletic
-shoulders
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– _________ : introverted, hypersensitive, secretive, inhibited
-Tall, thin, fair skinned
Ectomorphy
-Trait Theory-
– Body type trait theory : William Sheldon
– Ectomorphy: introverted, _________, secretive, inhibited
-Tall, _________, fair skinned
- hypersensitive
- thin
_________ : Ancient system of Hindu traditional medicine that divided people in to 3 categories
Ayurveda
Ayurveda:
- Kapha
- _________
- Vata
Pitta
Ayurveda:
- _________
- Pitta
- _________
- Kapha
- Vata
William Sheldon was a _________
Typologist
(WHO)
Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men, (b) like some other men, (c) like no other man”
Kluckhohn & Murray
The problem with trait theories are they are _________
inconsistent
Trait theory-
Internally built in or _________ ?
-Innate or Environment, (DNA or Life experience)
environment
(WHO)
Says we are way to influenced by environment to have personalities based off of innate person
-Situation based
Mischel
(WHO)
Context is key - _________
Mischel
Mischel - Says we are way to influenced by environment to have personalities based off of _________ person
- _________ based
- innate
- Situation
Person-Situation Debate: Three Issues
1.
Does the personality of an individual _________ the immediate situation, or is what a person does utterly _________ on the situation
- transcend
- dependent
Person-Situation Debate: Three Issues
1.
Does the _________ of an individual transcend the immediate situation, or is what a person does utterly dependent on the _________
- personality
- situation
Person-Situation Debate: Three Issues
2.
Are common, ordinary _________ about people fundamentally flawed or basically _________
- intuitions
- correct
Person-Situation Debate: Three Issues
3.
psychologists continue to argue about the _________ of personality
consistency
Situationism -
The First Situationist Argument: _________
Predictability
The First Situationist Argument: Predictability
We can predict, but not with much _________
accuracy
The First Situationist Argument: Predictability
Correlations rarely exceeded ___
low _________
.30
-coorelation
The First Situationist Argument: Predictability
We’re not that _________
categorical
_________ looked at relationships of self, informant, and behavioral data to behavioral data
• Correlations rarely exceeded .30
Mischel
Mischel looked at relationships of self, informant, and _________ data to behavioral data
behavioral
The Second Situationist Argument: Situationism
Determining how situations affect behavior: total variance _________ variance explained by _________
- minus
- personality
-Big 5 personailty traits-
OCEAN
- Openness
- _________
- Extraversion
- _________
- Neuroticism
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
-Big 5 personailty traits-
OCEAN
- Openness
- Conscientiousness
- _________
- Agreeableness
- _________
- Extraversion
- Neuroticism
-Big 5 personailty traits-
OCEAN
- _________
- Conscientiousness
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
Openness
-Big 5 personailty traits-
_________ - open to new experiences - forgiveness, inspiration, trying new substances, artistic
Openness
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Openness - open to new experiences - _________, inspiration, trying new substances, _________
- forgiveness
- Artistic
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Openness - open to new experiences - forgiveness, _________ , trying new _________ , artistic
- inspiration
- substances
-Big 5 personailty traits-
_________ - Caring about people - Avoiding drug use, connected and mindful of other people, Job performance, healthy habits
Conscientiousness
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Conscientiousness - Caring about people - Avoiding _________ use, connected and _________ of other people, Job performance, healthy habits
- drug
- mindful
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Conscientiousness - Caring about people - Avoiding drug use, connected and mindful of other people, _________ performance, healthy _________
- Job
- habits
-Big 5 personailty traits-
_________ - Happiness, Gratitude, success in relationships, occupational satisfaction
Extraversion
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Extraversion - Happiness, _________, success in relationships, occupational _________
- Gratitude
- satisfaction
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Extraversion - _________, Gratitude, success in _________, occupational satisfaction
- Happiness
- relationships
-Big 5 personailty traits-
_________ - Religious involvement, forgiveness, peer acceptance, job attainment
Agreeableness
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Agreeableness - Religious involvement, _________, peer acceptance, job _________
- forgiveness
- attainment
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Agreeableness - _________ involvement, forgiveness, peer _________, job attainment
- Religious
- acceptance
-Big 5 personailty traits-
_________ - Unhappiness, poor coping, poor family relations, Occupational dissatisfaction
Neuroticism
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Neuroticism - Unhappiness, poor _________, poor family relations, Occupational _________
- coping
- dissatisfaction
-Big 5 personailty traits-
Neuroticism - _________, poor coping, poor _________ relations, Occupational dissatisfaction
- Unhappiness
- family
Personality traits are better for describing how people act _________
in general
_________ traits are better for describing how people act in general
Personality
_________ -
interactions with different people leads to different results
Interactionism
Interactionism -
interactions with different _________ leads to different _________
- people
- results
Interactionism -
-Each interaction results in a different _________
personality
Interactionism -
The effect of a personality variable may depend on the _________ , or vice versa
situation
_________
– People change the situations that they are in
Interactionism
Situationism
Situation dictates how you _________
rather than personality
-behave
Personality’s view of human nature
• _________ is determined by personality
Behavior
Personality’s view of human nature
People can develop consistent _________ and styles that allow them to be themselves across _________
- identities
- situations
_________
– The effect of a personality variable may depend on the situation, or vice versa
Interactionism
Interactionism
– The effect of a _________ variable may _________ on the situation, or vice versa
- personality
- depend
Resolution of the _________ debate
– “People maintain their personalities even as they adapt their _________ to particular situations
- person-situation
- behavior
Resolution of the person-situation debate
– “People maintain their _________ even as they adapt their behavior to particular _________
- personalities
- situations
Kluckhohn & Murray
Every man is in certain respects (a) _________ , (b) like some other men, (c) _________ ”
- like all other men
- like no other man
Kluckhohn & Murray
Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men, (b) _________ , (c) like no other man ”
like some other men,
