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DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function > Exam 1 9/13 Howard Intro to Histology > Flashcards

Exam 1 9/13 Howard Intro to Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for histology

A

Microanatomy

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2
Q

Methods for viewing tissue

A

Conventional Light Microscopy
Confocal light microscopy
Transmission Electron microscopy
Scanning electron microscopy
X-ray
Computer Axial Tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Positron emission tomography

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3
Q

Which method of viewing tissue will we normally see/sometimes see?

A

Conventional light microscopy; transmission electron microscopy

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4
Q

True or false: confocal microscope has only one lens

A

False - more than a single lens

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5
Q

What magnifications are possible with a compound light microsope?

A

40, 100, 400, 1000x

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6
Q

True or false: electron microscopes can provide a 2D and 3D image

A

True

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7
Q

Transmission electron microscope provides what kind of image?

A

2D

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8
Q

Scanning electron microscope provides what kind of image?

A

3D

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9
Q

True or false: you cannot see small molecules with an electron microscope

A

False - can see up to 1nm which is the size of some small molecules, like glucose

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10
Q

Approximate size of cell nucleus

A

1-10 micrometers

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11
Q

Resolution of light microscope

A

200 nm

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12
Q

When viewing artifacts, what is your ruler?

A

identify different cells and nucleus as a reference point

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13
Q

What affects the appearance of artifacts?

A
  1. Preservation/fixation
  2. embedding
  3. sectioning
  4. staining
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14
Q

What is usually used in fixation of a specimen?

A

37% buffered formaldehyde

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15
Q

What is usually used to embed a specimen?

A

Paraffin wax

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16
Q

What is usually used to stain a specimen?

A

H&E (hemotoxylin and eosin)

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17
Q

True or false: when preserving a specimen, they are hydrated, dehydrated, then rehydrated again

A

False - first dehydrated, rehydrated, then dehydrated to apply stain

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18
Q

True or false: thinner section allow for better resolution

A

True

19
Q

Embedding methods

A
  1. frozen
  2. paraffin
  3. plastic
20
Q

Pros and cons of frozen specimen

A

Pros:
1. quick to retrieve, cut, stain
2. can preserve antibody-antigen complexes

Cons:
1. can destroy antibody-antigen complexes
2. morphologically destructive
3. poor resolution

21
Q

Pros and cons of embedding specimen in paraffin wax

A

Pros:
1. very standardized
2. standardized interpretation
3. mostly preserve antibody-antigen complexes

Cons:
1. long fixation times
2. resolution can vary with technician

22
Q

Pros and cons of embedding specimen in plastic

A

Pros:
1. very good resolution
2. water soluble plastic retains lipids

Cons:
1. long fixation times
2. interpretation can vary depending on procedure
3. destroys antibody-antigen complexes

23
Q

What is used to section specimen?

A

microtome, cryomicrotome

24
Q

How thin should a frozen section be?

A

5-100 micrometers

25
Q

How thin should paraffin sections be?

A

2-50 micrometers

26
Q

Plastic for light microscopy section size

A

0.5-2 micrometers

27
Q

Plastic for electron microscopy section size

A

40nm - 100nm

28
Q

3 classes of staining:

A
  1. differentiate between acidic and basic components of cell
  2. differentiate fibrous components of ECM
  3. metallic salts that precipitate metal deposits on tissues
29
Q

Acid stain

A

Eosin; negatively charged dye; stains basic structures in cytoplasm and mitochondria, structures are acidophilic

30
Q

Basic stain

A

Hematoxylin; positively charged dye; stain acidic structures (DNA and RNA); these structures are basophilic

31
Q

What color does hematoxylin stain?

A

Blue (dna and rna)

32
Q

What color does eosin stain?

A

Pink (Basic proteins in cytoplasm - collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, but can’t distinguish)

33
Q

What does H&E not stain?

A

Lipids - they are lost in preparation, as they are soluble in dehydration reaction alcohols

34
Q

Silver stain can stain:

A

reticular fibers black (type III collagen)

35
Q

Weigert’s elastic stain

A

Blue - elastic fibers

36
Q

Periodic acid-schiff

A

Magenta - glycogen and carbohydrate rich molecules

37
Q

4 Primary tissue types

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
38
Q

Epithelial tissue are specialized to:

A

protect, absorb, and secrete

39
Q

Epithelial tissue function

A
  1. covers and lines (skin, lining of gut)
  2. modified for absorption (gut lining)
  3. modified for secretion (glands)
40
Q

Connective tissue is specialized for:

A

providing support and holding other tissues together

41
Q

What connective tissues are specialized?

A

blood/bone marrow, mineralized tissues (ex: teeth), fat storage

42
Q

______ tissue is highly specialized for contraction and conduction

A

Muscle

43
Q

____ tissue is highly specialized with respect to irritability and conductivity

A

Nervous

DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function (23 decks)

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