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DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function > Exam 1 9/13 Davenport Intro to Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Exam 1 9/13 Davenport Intro to Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of connective tissue

A

Forms a continuum with other epithelial tissue, muscle and nervous tissue, and other components of connective tissue to maintain a well integrated body

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2
Q

Where does most connective tissue derive from?

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Where does cranio-facial connective tissue derive from?

A

Ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

CT composition

A

cells, ECM (fibers + ground substance)

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5
Q

What type of fibers are found in CT ECM?

A

collagen, reticular, elastic

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6
Q

What are the components of ground substance in CT ECM?

A

GAGs, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, extracellular fluid

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7
Q

What GAGs are found in ECM ground substance?

A

Hyaluron, chondroitin-4 & -6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratin sulfate I and II, heparin sulfate

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8
Q

Where is hyaluronic acid found?

A

most connective tissue, synovial fluid, cartilage, dermis, vitreous humor, umbilical cord

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9
Q

Where is keratan I and II found?

A

Keratan sulfate I - cornea
Keratan sulfate II - cartilage

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10
Q

Where is heparan sulfate found?

A

Blood vessels, lung, basal lamina

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11
Q

Where is chondroitin-4-sulfate found?

A

Cartilage, bone, cornea, blood vessels

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12
Q

Where is chondroitin-6-sulfate found?

A

Cartilage, Wharton’s jelly, blood vessels

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13
Q

Where is dermatan sulfate found?

A

Heart valves, skin, blood vessels

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14
Q

CT cells have 2 major groups, which are:

A

Fixed cells; transient cells

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15
Q

Examples of fixed cells CT

A

fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, adipose cells, mast cells, macrophages

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16
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

help maintain fibrous components of ground substance

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17
Q

Pericytes

A

associates with blood vessels

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18
Q

How do fibroblasts stain?

A

Pale staining nucleus but defined nucleolus

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19
Q

How do adipocytes stain?

A

Circular, white cells - most of cytoplasm has fat

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20
Q

Where can you find adipocytes?

A

Around neurovascular bundles; ex mentioned is a fat pad around the kidneys as a shock absorber

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21
Q

Difference between brown and white fat cells

A

Brown - droplets of fat within cytoplasm
In white adipose, these droplets coalesce to form bigger cells

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22
Q

How does mast cell stain?

A

Lots of blue secretory granules

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23
Q

Histamine

A

Vasodilator; increases vascular permeability, causes contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, increases mucus production

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24
Q

Those with allergies have higher number of:

A

IgE antibodies on basophil cells

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25
Q

____ is an anticoagulant and inactivates histamine

A

Heparin

26
Q

What does macrophage look like?

A

Very large, kind of amoeboid

27
Q

Examples of transient cells CT

A

plasma cells, leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes)

28
Q

Where do plasma cells derive from?

A

B lymphocytes that have interacted with antigen

29
Q

Plasma cells produce and secrete:

A

antibodies

30
Q

True or false: elastin fibers in the periodontal ligament stains

A

False - there is no elastin, the microfibrils stain

31
Q

Collagen vs elastin structure

A

Collagen - axial periodicity, elastin has soft elastin core and intertwined microfibrils

32
Q

Functions of CT

A

structural support, medium of exchange, defense and protection, storage of fats

33
Q

Classification of CT (3)

A

Embryonic CT, CT proper, Specialized CT

34
Q

Types of Embryonic CT

A

mesenchymal, mucous

35
Q

Types of CT proper

A

Loose, Reticular, adipose, dense

36
Q

Types of specialized CT

A

Cartilage, mineralized CT, blood

37
Q

Mineralized CT examples

A

bone, cementum, dentin

38
Q

Where is mesenchymal CT found?

A

embryo

39
Q

Where is mucous CT found?

A

umbilical cord

40
Q

Where is reticular fibers found?

A

stroma, liver, lymph

41
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic, fibrocartilage

42
Q

Cartilage definition

A

form of connective tissue composed of cells called chondrocytes and highly specialized ECM

43
Q

Hyaline cartilage - describe matrix and what type of collagen?

A

homogenous amorphous matrix of Type II collagen

44
Q

Elastic cartilage has what type of collagen and fibers?

A

Elastic fibers and lamellae, Type II collagen

45
Q

_____ has large bundles of Type I collagen between rows of chondrocytes

A

Fibrocartilage

46
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

Articular ends of long bones, ventral rib cartilage, templates for endochondral bone formation, trachea

47
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

Pinna of the ear, auditory canal, laryngeal cartilages

48
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphisis

49
Q

In hyaline cartilage, chondrocytes are found in:

A

Lacunae

50
Q

Describe structure of hyaline cartilage

A

Thin collagen fibrils (type 2), normally does not exhibit 67-68nm banding, arranged in felt-like pattern. Does not have axial periodicity, hard to see

51
Q

Which GAGs are in hyaline cartilage?

A

hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate

52
Q

Describe hyaline cartilage matrix

A
  1. chondroitin and keratan sulfates are joined to a core protein (proteoglycans form)
  2. hyaluronate proteoglycan aggregates are bound to thin collagen fibrils
  3. highly hydrated
53
Q

True or false: in hyaline cartilage, ground substance components are uniformly distributed

A

False - higher concentration of GAGs closer to cell because matric is hard to diffuse through

54
Q

Perichondrium

A

Firmly attached connective tissue in inner cell layer and outer fibrous layer

55
Q

Where is perichondrium found?

A

Around cartilage

56
Q

Describe elastic cartilage

A

presence of elastin in the matrix, contains cells in lacunae and a perichondrium

57
Q

Fibrocartilage components

A

Consists of chondrocytes and their territorial matrix in combination with dense connective tissue; NO perichondrium

58
Q

Cartilage arises from:

A

mesenchyme

59
Q

Cartilage is capable of what kinds of growth?

A

Appositional, interstitial

60
Q

True or false: cartilage has extensive ability to repair

A

False - ability is limited

61
Q

Calcification

A

generally replaced by bone

DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function (23 decks)

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