Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function > Exam 1 9/11 Kingsley > Flashcards

Exam 1 9/11 Kingsley Flashcards

1
Q

What is in the ground substance of the ECM?

A

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, glycoproteins, fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Proteoglycans are ______ covered with ____

A

proteins; GAGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are GAGs structure/components?

A

Structure: long, unbranched polysaccharides of repeating sugars

Components: N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine; with a uronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GAGs are _____ charged

A

negatively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What groups on GAGs make them charged?

A

carboxyl groups, sulfates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GAGs attract _____ and _____

A

cations; water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four main GAG groups?

A
  1. Hyaluron
  2. Chondroitin
  3. Heparin
  4. Keratan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the four main GAG groups is not sulfated?

A

Hyaluron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sulfated GAGs are usually attached to:

A

proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyaluronic acid size

A

Extremely large (100-10,000 kDa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hyaluronic acid attracts a large volume of:

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hyaluronic acid can bind ______

A

proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Proteoglycans exhibit a _____ _____ configuration

A

bottle brush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Proteoglycans components

A

core protein, linked sugars (GAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: syndecans are roughly similar sizes

A

false - variety of different sizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are syndecans different from proteoglycans?

A

they are transmembrane glycoproteins; E face (usually secreted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of glycoproteins?

A

large macromolecules linking cell to the ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most glycoproteins have what binding domains?

A

GAG/proteoglycan, collagen, integrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____ is most abundant in connective tissue

A

Fibronectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fibronectin is a ___ linked by ____ ____

A

dimer; disulfide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the amino acid sequence for fibronectin integrin binding sequence?

A

RGD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glycoprotein examples

A

Fibronectin, laminin, hemidesmosomes, dystroglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of mutation of RGD could cause elimination adhesion and binding affinity?

A

deletion, point mutation, frameshift mutation, etc. Anything that could cause a change in reading frame or the protein it codes for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Deletion or mutation of RGD reduces or eliminates:

A

adhesion and binding affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is RGD?
Integrin binding domain on fibronectin. (common feature of integrin binding domains)
26
Where is laminin present?
Basal and external lamina
27
Laminin structure
Large heterotrimer that creates a "cross"
28
Laminin alpha chain binds:
neurites; LG domains bind carbohydrates and integrins
29
Laminin beta chain binds:
each unit binds sulfated lipids, together they bind type IV collagen
30
Laminin gamma chain binds:
collagen, sulfated lipids
31
Laminin-332 can bind to:
integrin, ground substance components
32
a6B4 is a component of:
component of hemidesmosomes
33
a6B4 is a _______
integrin (receptor for laminin 5)
34
What are dystroglycans?
glycoproteins with two subunits
35
Which subunit of dystroglycan is transmembrane?
b-dystroglycan
36
How does dystroglycan link with cytoskeleton?
binds dystrophin in the cytosol, dystrophin binds alpha-actinin, links with cytoskeleton (F-actin)
37
Two major fibrous proteins
collagen and elastin
38
Three major categories of collagen fibers
1. fibril-forming 2. fibril-associated 3. network forming
39
Collagen structure
tropocollagen helix/triple helix, glycine every 3rd aa, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine
40
Collagen synthesis steps
1. translation in RER 2. modified in cisternae 3. signal sequence removed 4. proline, lysine hydroxylated 5. glycosylation of hydroxyproline and hydroxylisine 6. forms procollagen helix 7. modified again in golgi 8. secreted via trans golgi
41
Collagen secretion
1. procollagen peptidase modifies procollagen helix 2. forms tropocollagen 3. tropocollagen self assembles to form collagen fibril
42
Unique aspect tropocollagen structure
overlaps and gaps
43
Which types of collagen are fibril-forming?
type 1, type 2, type 3, type 5
44
Which type of collagen is not fibril forming?
Type 4
45
Which disease is caused by deficiency/absence of Type 1 collagen?
osteogenesis imperfecta
46
Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as:
brittle bone disease
47
What causes disruption of collagen helix in osteogenesis imperfecta?
Glycine is substituted with a bulkier amino acid, helix can't form properly
48
Which disease is caused by deficiency/absence of Type IV or III collagen?
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
49
_____ _____ can occur in rare forms of osteogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
50
Dentinogenesis imperfecta symptoms
discolored teeth (blue-grey, yellow-brown); translucent teeth; weak, easily fall out or fracture
51
Which disease is caused by deficiency/absence of Type V (classic) or III (vascular) collagen?
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
52
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome symptoms
Classic (Type V) joint hypermobility and hyperextensible skin Vascular (Type III) problem with artery ruptures (aneurysms, often lethal
53
Collagen has high _____ ____
tensile strength
54
_____ _____ provide flexibility
Elastin fibers
55
Which amino acids are found in elastin?
glycine, lysine, alanine, valine, proline
56
True or false: like collagen, elastin also contains hydroxylysine
False
57
In elastin, lysine forms:
four elastin proteins bond and desmosine cross links
58
_____ is caused by chromosome 7 partial deletion
Williams-Beuren syndrome
59
Loss of elastin can cause:
supravalvular aortic stenosis
60
What symptom is among clinical features of Williams Beuren syndrome?
Esotropia - form of strabismus
61
What is observed regarding gene expression of Williams Beuren syndrome
Partial deletion of chromosome 7 which codes for elastin, so elastin cannot be produced
62
Basement membrane components:
1. basal lamina 2. lamina lucida 3. lamina densa 4. lamina reticularis
63
Components of lamina densa (basement membrane)
GAGs, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
64
True or false: basement membrane has very specific architecture/organization
True
65
Basal lamina functions
1. flexible, firm support for overlying epithelium 2. establishing cell polarity 3. facilitating tissue differentiation 4. molecular filter
66
Which diseases are caused by auto-antibodies?
1. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 2. pemphigus 3. Pemphigoid 4. Goodpasture syndrome 5. Linear IgA disease
67
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) caused by:
Auto-immunity IgG develops against Type VII procollagen; leads to dermal-epidermal separation
68
True or false: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is hereditary
False - most epidermolysis bullosa is hereditary, but EBA is not
69
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is described as a ______ ______ disease
chronic sub-epidermal
70
What do Type VII collagen fibers do?
anchoring fibrils in basement membrane
71
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is characterized by what symptoms?
spontaneous or trauma-induced blisters in areas of high contact (feet, hands, mouth); acantholysis
72
Pemphigus and pemphigoid are groups of:
rare autoimmune blistering diseases
73
What causes pemphigus?
auto=antibodies IgG form against desmoglein-3 of desmosomes
74
Pemphigus mostly affects:
desmosomes of stratified squamous epithelium
75
Pemphigoid is caused by:
auto-antibodies of IgG to BP-1 (hemidesmosome) antigen
76
Pemphigoid is similar in appearance to:
pemphigus except WITHOUT acantholysis
77
Pemphigoid is ______
cicatrial (mucous membrane) - oral
78
What kind of disease is goodpasture syndrome?
anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
79
What causes goodpasture syndrome?
autoantibodies to alpha-3 subunit of Type IV collagen (antibodies against basement membrane in lungs and kidneys)
80
Goodpasture syndrome may lead to:
permanent lung/kidney damage of death
81
How is goodpasture syndrome treated?
with immunosuppressants
82
True or false: goodpasture syndrome is a common disease
false - exceedingly rare
83
What triggers goodpasture syndrome?
lung insults such as smoke, cocaine inhalation, metal dust, organic solvents
84
Linear IgA (bullous) dermatitis is a _____ ___ disease
sub-epidermal bullous
85
Which diseases are characterized as sub-epidermal?
Linear IgA, Epidermolysis bullous acquisita, possibly pemphigus (may form bullous)
86
What causes Linear IgA disease?
Linear IgA deposition in basement membrane zone (BMZ); results in loss of adhesion at dermal-epidermal junction, blisters. may cause vesicles, ulcers
87
In Linear IgA, antibody deposition activates:
complement, neutrophils
88
True or false: there is only one antigenic target identified for Linear IgA disease
False - different targets (lamina lucida, lamina densa)

DEN 7101F - Human Structure and Function (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions