eukaryotic cells - exam 1

Question 1

plasma membrane

Answer 1

bounding of cell

mediates interactions between cell & outside environment

Question 2

surface area to volume ratio

Answer 2

surface area of the plasma membrane limits the exchange of materials between a cell & its environment

volume increases faster than surface area

as cell size increases surface area to volume ratio gets larger

Question 3

diffusion problem

Answer 3

not enough membrane to accommodate size of cell

Question 4

cell shape

Answer 4

thin & flat

folds

increases surface area

Question 5

compartmentalization

Answer 5

cell doesn’t have to rely on diffusion alone to carry out functions

Question 6

organelles

Answer 6

membrane bound structures that carry out a special function

only eukaryotes

Question 7

all cells

Answer 7

plasma membrane
cytosol
ribosomes

Question 8

nuclear envelope

Answer 8

2 membranes

phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

nucleoplasm

Answer 9

liquidy interior

Question 10

chromatin

Answer 10

DNA + associated proteins

purple, stringy

Question 11

nucleolus

Answer 11

very center

ribosome parts made here

Question 12

nuclear pores

Answer 12

doorways in & out of nucleus

Question 13

nuclear lamina

Answer 13

protein network right under envelope

shape of nucleus & organizes chromatin

long chain

Question 14

endomembrane system

Answer 14

regulates protein traffic & performs metabolic functions in the cell

Question 15

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

involved in some protein synthesis

& basically all lipid synthesis

Question 16

smooth ER

Answer 16

no ribosomes

lipid production

Question 17

rough ER

Answer 17

ribosomes - facing cytoplasm

protein production

Question 18

protein transport through endomembrane system

Answer 18

ribosomes –> rough er –> transport vesicle –> golgi apparatus –> transport vesicle –> 1 of 3 destinations

Question 19

what happens in golgi apparatus

Answer 19

glycosylation / other modifications

sorting & packaging of proteins

Question 20

glycoslyation

Answer 20

attachment of oligosaccharide –> glycoprotein

Question 21

post golgi destinations

Answer 21

1. secreted out of cell
2. plasma membrane
3. lysosome

Question 22

lysosomes

Answer 22

digestive compartments

contain hydrolytic enzymes

pH = 5

Question 23

lysosome functions

Answer 23

defective something:

put in vesicle

combine w lysosome

lysosome digests it

Question 24

microfilament cytoskeleton

Answer 24

dynamic

actin subunits (1)

structural support
cell division

Question 25

microtubule cytoskeleton

Answer 25

dynamic

tubulin subunits (2)

structural support
vesicle transport
chromosome movement

Question 26

intermediate filament cytoskeleton

Answer 26

structural support
nuclear lamina

Question 27

mitochondria

Answer 27

sites of cellular respiration

food energy –> ATP

all eukaryotes

Question 28

cholorplasts

Answer 28

sites of photosynthesis

solar energy –> chemical energy

plants

Question 29

mitochondria & chloroplasts

Answer 29

double membrane

DNA (small, circular)

ribosomes (prokaryotic)

size (avg bacterium)