eukaryotic cells - exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

plasma membrane

A

bounding of cell

mediates interactions between cell & outside environment

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2
Q

surface area to volume ratio

A

surface area of the plasma membrane limits the exchange of materials between a cell & its environment

volume increases faster than surface area

as cell size increases surface area to volume ratio gets larger

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3
Q

diffusion problem

A

not enough membrane to accommodate size of cell

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4
Q

cell shape

A

thin & flat

folds

increases surface area

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5
Q

compartmentalization

A

cell doesn’t have to rely on diffusion alone to carry out functions

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6
Q

organelles

A

membrane bound structures that carry out a special function

only eukaryotes

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7
Q

all cells

A

plasma membrane
cytosol
ribosomes

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8
Q

nuclear envelope

A

2 membranes

phospholipid bilayer

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9
Q

nucleoplasm

A

liquidy interior

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10
Q

chromatin

A

DNA + associated proteins

purple, stringy

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11
Q

nucleolus

A

very center

ribosome parts made here

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12
Q

nuclear pores

A

doorways in & out of nucleus

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13
Q

nuclear lamina

A

protein network right under envelope

shape of nucleus & organizes chromatin

long chain

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14
Q

endomembrane system

A

regulates protein traffic & performs metabolic functions in the cell

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15
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

involved in some protein synthesis

& basically all lipid synthesis

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16
Q

smooth ER

A

no ribosomes

lipid production

17
Q

rough ER

A

ribosomes - facing cytoplasm

protein production

18
Q

protein transport through endomembrane system

A

ribosomes –> rough er –> transport vesicle –> golgi apparatus –> transport vesicle –> 1 of 3 destinations

19
Q

what happens in golgi apparatus

A

glycosylation / other modifications

sorting & packaging of proteins

20
Q

glycoslyation

A

attachment of oligosaccharide –> glycoprotein

21
Q

post golgi destinations

A
  1. secreted out of cell
  2. plasma membrane
  3. lysosome
22
Q

lysosomes

A

digestive compartments

contain hydrolytic enzymes

pH = 5

23
Q

lysosome functions

A

defective something:

put in vesicle

combine w lysosome

lysosome digests it

24
Q

microfilament cytoskeleton

A

dynamic

actin subunits (1)

structural support
cell division

25
Q

microtubule cytoskeleton

A

dynamic

tubulin subunits (2)

structural support
vesicle transport
chromosome movement

26
Q

intermediate filament cytoskeleton

A

structural support
nuclear lamina

27
Q

mitochondria

A

sites of cellular respiration

food energy –> ATP

all eukaryotes

28
Q

cholorplasts

A

sites of photosynthesis

solar energy –> chemical energy

plants

29
Q

mitochondria & chloroplasts

A

double membrane

DNA (small, circular)

ribosomes (prokaryotic)

size (avg bacterium)