eukaryotic cells - exam 1 Flashcards
plasma membrane
bounding of cell
mediates interactions between cell & outside environment
surface area to volume ratio
surface area of the plasma membrane limits the exchange of materials between a cell & its environment
volume increases faster than surface area
as cell size increases surface area to volume ratio gets larger
diffusion problem
not enough membrane to accommodate size of cell
cell shape
thin & flat
folds
increases surface area
compartmentalization
cell doesn’t have to rely on diffusion alone to carry out functions
organelles
membrane bound structures that carry out a special function
only eukaryotes
all cells
plasma membrane
cytosol
ribosomes
nuclear envelope
2 membranes
phospholipid bilayer
nucleoplasm
liquidy interior
chromatin
DNA + associated proteins
purple, stringy
nucleolus
very center
ribosome parts made here
nuclear pores
doorways in & out of nucleus
nuclear lamina
protein network right under envelope
shape of nucleus & organizes chromatin
long chain
endomembrane system
regulates protein traffic & performs metabolic functions in the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
involved in some protein synthesis
& basically all lipid synthesis
smooth ER
no ribosomes
lipid production
rough ER
ribosomes - facing cytoplasm
protein production
protein transport through endomembrane system
ribosomes –> rough er –> transport vesicle –> golgi apparatus –> transport vesicle –> 1 of 3 destinations
what happens in golgi apparatus
glycosylation / other modifications
sorting & packaging of proteins
glycoslyation
attachment of oligosaccharide –> glycoprotein
post golgi destinations
- secreted out of cell
- plasma membrane
- lysosome
lysosomes
digestive compartments
contain hydrolytic enzymes
pH = 5
lysosome functions
defective something:
put in vesicle
combine w lysosome
lysosome digests it
microfilament cytoskeleton
dynamic
actin subunits (1)
structural support
cell division
microtubule cytoskeleton
dynamic
tubulin subunits (2)
structural support
vesicle transport
chromosome movement
intermediate filament cytoskeleton
structural support
nuclear lamina
mitochondria
sites of cellular respiration
food energy –> ATP
all eukaryotes
cholorplasts
sites of photosynthesis
solar energy –> chemical energy
plants
mitochondria & chloroplasts
double membrane
DNA (small, circular)
ribosomes (prokaryotic)
size (avg bacterium)
