cellular respiration - exam 2 Flashcards
cellular respiration
turns potential energy stored in chemical bonds of food molecules to the energy currency of the cell
where is potential energy stored
covalent bonds of organic molecules
mitochondria structure
outer & inner mitochondrial membrane
folds = cristae
increasse surface area
intermembrane space
matrix
substrate level phosphorylation
a molecule w/ a phosphate attached & an ADP enter an enzyme
produces a dephosphorylated cell & ATP
accounts for all ATP made in glycolosis & citric acid cycle
electron shuttles
NAD+ & FAD
take electrons from food to electron transport chain
picks up electrons & protons
glycolosis
cytosol
input: glucose + 2 ATP (from substrate level phos)
output: 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2NADH
pyruvate processing
matrix of mitochondria
input: pyruvate molecule
output: Acetyl coA + CO2 + NADH
happens 2x – once for each pyruvate
citric acid cycle
matrix of mitochondria
input: Acetyl coA
output: 2CO2 + 3NADH + 1ATP + 1FADH
happens 2x – once for each pyruvate
total CO2 after citric acid cycle
6
total NADH after citric acid cycle
10
total ATP after citric acid cycle
4
total FADH2 after citric acid cycle
2
oxidative phosphorylation
mitochondria
why does NAD make more ATP than FAD
FADH2 enters electron transport chain at II
II is off to the side & it is NOT a proton pump
it produces less ATP because it enters the chain later than NAD
