cell cycle & mitosis - exam 2

Question 1

diploid

Answer 1

cells/organisms w/ paired chromosomes

2n

Question 2

haploid

Answer 2

cells/organisms w/ unpaired chromosomes

1n, n

Question 3

structure of eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 3

gene

dna

nucleosomes

30nm fibers

looped domains

metaphase

Question 4

sister chromatids

Answer 4

replicated chromosomes

Question 5

cohesions

Answer 5

glue like proteins connecting sister chromatids along their length

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

region where sister chromatids attach

Question 7

kinetochore

Answer 7

protein structure where MTs attach during mitosis

Question 8

metaphase

Answer 8

tightest chromosome packing

right before cell division begins

Question 9

G0

Answer 9

resting stage

diploid cell

Question 10

G1

Answer 10

cell growth, transcription/translation

duplication of organelles

prepare for dna replication

Question 11

S

Answer 11

dna replication

Question 12

G2

Answer 12

more growth

transcription/translation

prepare to divide: centrosomes appear

Question 13

centrosome

Answer 13

microtubule organizing center

Question 14

M

Answer 14

mitosis - divided into 4 stages

Question 15

interpahse

Answer 15

G1 + S + G2

Question 16

why do microtubules grow & shrink during cell divison

Answer 16

kinetochore MTs shrink to pull chromosomes apart

nonkinetochore MTs grow to push the cell apart

Question 17

late interphase cell

Answer 17

2n =4

centrosomes together

replicated dna

Question 18

prophase

Answer 18

chromosomes condense - metaphase

nuclear envelope degrades

centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell

mitotic spindle forms & MTs

Question 19

mitotic spindle

Answer 19

centrosomes + microtubules that grow from it

Question 20

kinetochore MTs

Answer 20

attach to kinetochores of each chromosome

Question 21

nonkinetochore MTs

Answer 21

do not attach to the kinetochores

Question 22

metaphase

Answer 22

chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

4 chromosomes - each composed of 2 sister chromatids = total of 8 sister chromatids

Question 23

metaphase plate

Answer 23

hypothetical plate on halfway point between centrosomes

Question 24

anaphase

Answer 24

separation of dna

cohesions degrade

kinetochore MTs get shorter

sister chromatids separate

nonkinetochore MTs lengthen –> cell elongates

motor proteins push against each other to elongate cell

8 chromosomes
0 sister chromatids

Question 25

telophase / cytokinesis

Answer 25

chromosomes decondense

nuclear envelope reforms

centrosomes & spindles disappear

microfilaments pinch cleavage furrow into the cell splits

2 2n=4 cells

Question 26

binary fission

Answer 26

copy dna

separate dna

Question 27

binary fission process

Answer 27

1 chromosome + 1 replication bubble

replicates into 2 chromosomes

contractile ring gets tighter until cell splits

2 cells