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BIOLOGY > cell cycle & mitosis - exam 2 > Flashcards

cell cycle & mitosis - exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

diploid

A

cells/organisms w/ paired chromosomes

2n

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2
Q

haploid

A

cells/organisms w/ unpaired chromosomes

1n, n

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3
Q

structure of eukaryotic chromosomes

A

gene

dna

nucleosomes

30nm fibers

looped domains

metaphase

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4
Q

sister chromatids

A

replicated chromosomes

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5
Q

cohesions

A

glue like proteins connecting sister chromatids along their length

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6
Q

centromere

A

region where sister chromatids attach

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7
Q

kinetochore

A

protein structure where MTs attach during mitosis

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8
Q

metaphase

A

tightest chromosome packing

right before cell division begins

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9
Q

G0

A

resting stage

diploid cell

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10
Q

G1

A

cell growth, transcription/translation

duplication of organelles

prepare for dna replication

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11
Q

S

A

dna replication

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12
Q

G2

A

more growth

transcription/translation

prepare to divide: centrosomes appear

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13
Q

centrosome

A

microtubule organizing center

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14
Q

M

A

mitosis - divided into 4 stages

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15
Q

interpahse

A

G1 + S + G2

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16
Q

why do microtubules grow & shrink during cell divison

A

kinetochore MTs shrink to pull chromosomes apart

nonkinetochore MTs grow to push the cell apart

17
Q

late interphase cell

A

2n =4

centrosomes together

replicated dna

18
Q

prophase

A

chromosomes condense - metaphase

nuclear envelope degrades

centrosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell

mitotic spindle forms & MTs

19
Q

mitotic spindle

A

centrosomes + microtubules that grow from it

20
Q

kinetochore MTs

A

attach to kinetochores of each chromosome

21
Q

nonkinetochore MTs

A

do not attach to the kinetochores

22
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

4 chromosomes - each composed of 2 sister chromatids = total of 8 sister chromatids

23
Q

metaphase plate

A

hypothetical plate on halfway point between centrosomes

24
Q

anaphase

A

separation of dna

cohesions degrade

kinetochore MTs get shorter

sister chromatids separate

nonkinetochore MTs lengthen –> cell elongates

motor proteins push against each other to elongate cell

8 chromosomes
0 sister chromatids

25
Q

telophase / cytokinesis

A

chromosomes decondense

nuclear envelope reforms

centrosomes & spindles disappear

microfilaments pinch cleavage furrow into the cell splits

2 2n=4 cells

26
Q

binary fission

A

copy dna

separate dna

27
Q

binary fission process

A

1 chromosome + 1 replication bubble

replicates into 2 chromosomes

contractile ring gets tighter until cell splits

2 cells

BIOLOGY (30 decks)

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