Etiology and Pathogenesis of Lower Genital Tractus Neoplasia

Question 1

What is the primary cause of cervical cancer?

Answer 1

Infection with high-risk types of HPV (Human Papillomavirus).

Question 2

What is the peak incidence age for cervical cancer?

Answer 2

40-60 years of age.

Question 3

What are the two most common high-risk HPV types responsible for cervical cancer?

Answer 3

HPV 16 and HPV 18.

Question 4

What is the main method of screening for cervical cancer?

Answer 4

Papanicolaou test (Pap test).

Question 5

What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?

Answer 5

Watery discharge, postcoital or intermenstrual vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, dyspareunia.

Question 6

What is the FIGO staging system used for?

Answer 6

Staging cervical cancer based on the extent of the disease.

Question 7

What is the 5-year survival rate for localized cervical cancer?

Answer 7

91.5%.

Question 8

What is the recommended age range for HPV vaccination?

Answer 8

9 up to 26 years of age.

Question 9

What is the primary treatment for early-stage cervical cancer (IA and IB1)?

Answer 9

Surgery or radiation therapy.

Question 10

What is the most common type of vulvar cancer?

Answer 10

Squamous cell carcinoma (86.2%).