Establishing Quality Standards Flashcards
Tools and Techniques to establish quality standards
Quality Audits
Root Cause
Quality
the degree to which characteristics meet requirements
Project Quality Tasks
Defining quality policies
Setting quality objectives
Assigning roles and Responsibilities of quality
Implementing quality management system
Monitoring and improving process effectiveness
Quality Management Systems
ISO 9000- int’l guidelines for quality
Six Sigma- disciplined defect mgmt, continuous improvement
Total Quality Management
Failure Mode and effect analysis
Voice of the customer
Cost of Quality- what costs are necessary for quality
Quality vs grade
Quality- characteristics needed to meet requirements
Grade- number of features
Precision vs Accuracy
Precision- repeatable measurement not necessary correct
Accuracy- how close to goal
Tools and Techniques for Planning Quality Mgmt of Project
Expert Judgement
Meetings
Data Representation- flow chart, logical data , mind mapping, matrix diagrams
Data Gathering- benchmarking, interviews, brainstorming
Data Analysis- c/b analysis, cost of quality
Decision Making
Test & Inspection Planning
Cost of Quality (COQ)
total cost of efforts related to quality.
Cost of conformance and cost of non conformance
Cost of Conformance (quality)
Prevention and appraisal
Cost of Non-Conformance (quality)
Internal failure and external failure
Cost Benefit Analysis
uses Cos of Quality Weigh benefits of quality vs cost steps: 1- list and calculate cost 2- list and calculate benefits 3- compare
Quality Management Plan
part of Project Mgmt Plan
establish guidelines for quality
informal or formal
Section A
- Major Deliverables
- Standards and Criteria to meet
- Monitoring and Controlling measures
- Scheduling info for quality and who
Quality Assurance
- Processes subject to quality mgmt
- Stakeholder standards
- Continuous Process Improvement
- Sched of quality assurance activities
Tools and Techniques to Manage Quality
Data Gathering
Data Analysis (alt analysis/ doc analysis/ root cause)
Decision Making (multi-criteria decision analysis)
Data Representation ( affinity diagrams / cause and effect / scatter diagrams / flow charts / historgrams
Design for X
Problem Solving
Quality Improvement (ex: six Sigma)
Audit- compare procedures with actual work, make sure complying w org standards
Goals of Quality Audit
- Decrease ____ by improving process
- identify inefficiencies
- identify process and procedures needed
Root Cause Analysis
part of process analysis find source of problem and why 6steps 1- define problem 2- gather data 3- determine possible causes 4- determine root cause 5- develop solution 6- test and evaluate solution
Process Analysis (quality)
where improvements can be made.
Streamline, produce high quality deliverables
ex: root cause analysis
Tools and Techniques to Control Quality
Data Gathering
Data Analysis- performance reviews, root cause analysis
Inspection- observing, meeting, testing
Testing and Product Evaluation- determine quality
Data Representation- C&E diagrams, histograms, control charts
Meetings- approve change requests reviews, retros
Pareto Diagram
histogram
Data representation technique to control quality
80/20 Pareto principle
80% of defects are caused by 20
six steps:
1-develop list of causes
2- record frequency for each error type
3- rank in descending order based on frequency
4- cumulative % of errors for each cause
5- Create histogram/bar graph
6- draw a line that plots cumulative % for each (to see what adds up to the 80%)
Control Chart
only data representation technique for quality that includes factor of time Upper control limit- Lower control limit- if any samples go above or below limits Rule of 7
Rule of 7 on Control Chart
if 7 samples in a row on are on the same side of the tolerance it is out of control
Need to stop and figure out cause
