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NAVLE > Equine colic > Flashcards

Equine colic Flashcards

1
Q

Severe classic case

A
  • acute pain
  • flank watching
  • pawing
  • kicking belly
  • up and down
  • rolling
  • increased HR
  • decreased gut sounds
  • decreased feces
  • no appetite
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2
Q

Mild classic case

A
  • decreased appetite
  • lethargic
  • laying down but will get up
  • decreased manure
  • decreased GI sounds
  • mildly increased HR
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3
Q

Saliva is acidic or basic

A

basic ( buffer for acid )

- decreased production with decreased chewing

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4
Q

Esophageal muscle

A

Proximal 2/3 = striated

Distal 1/3 = smooth

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5
Q

Stomach

A
  • 10 L capacity
  • produces acid continuously
  • quick transit time
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6
Q

Small intestine

A

heals slower than large intestine

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7
Q

Horses are hind gut- or fore gut- fermenters?

A

Hind gut fermenters ( unlike cows who are fore gut fermenters )

fermentation in Large colon and cecum

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8
Q

Medical types of colic

A
  • tympanic ( gas )
  • spasmodic
  • impaction
  • poor motility ( ileum )
  • inflammatory (enteritis)
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9
Q

Surgical types of colic

A
  • twists ( torsion/ volvulus )
  • entrapments
  • infarctions or emboli
  • masses(intra or extra- lumens )
  • displacements
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10
Q

Spasmodic/tympanic colics

A
    • MOST COMMON**
  • gas distention
  • parasitism
  • any part of GIT
  • can be idiopathic, due to feed change , stress, etc
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11
Q

Inflammatory colics

A
  • GIT ulcer
  • Enteritis ( anterior colitis, lawsonia, idiopathic, or anaphylaxis
  • parasitism
  • peritonitis
  • adhesions
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12
Q

Mass related colics

A
  • intraluminal or extraluminal masses
  • enteroliths, fecaliths
  • meconium (neonates)
  • tumors
  • abscesses
  • foreign body
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13
Q

Impaction ( simple obstruction ) colics

A
  • Ingesta vs sand ( regional) vs parasites
  • location varies:
    ileum, pelvic flexure, cecum, small colon, stomach
  • outcomes vary depending on severity/ location
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14
Q

Strangulating obstruction colics

A
  • SI or LI
  • lipoma
  • mesenteric rent
  • ligament or foramen entrapment
  • volvulus, torsion
  • inguinal or umbilical hernia
  • intussusception
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15
Q

Nonstrangulating obstruction colics

A
  • SI or LI
  • large colon displacements
  • LC impactions
  • LC masses
  • congenital abnormalities ( or strangulating )
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16
Q

Non-GIT causes of colic

A
  • liver disease
  • repro tract disease
  • urinary tract disease
  • diaphragmatic hernia
  • hemoabdomen
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17
Q

Predisposed to fecaliths

A

Miniature horses

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18
Q

Predisposed to enteroliths

A

Arabians

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19
Q

Cribbing is associated with what types of colics

A
  • gas colic

- epiploic foramen entrapment

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20
Q

Predisposed to large colon torsions

A

Broodmares

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21
Q

Predisposed to gastric ulcers

A

performance horses

22
Q

Eating Bermuda grass hay predisposes horses to what type of colic

A

ileal impaction

23
Q

Eating high concentrate diets predisposes horses to what type of colic

A

gastric or colonic ulceration

24
Q

Eating alfalfa hay in the west coast predisposes horses to what type of colic

A

enteroliths

25
Q

who’s more likely to colic? Horses on pastures 24/7 or stalled horses?

A

stalled horses

26
Q

Strangulating lipomas are more common in horses that are :

A

older and obese

27
Q

Buscapan

A
  • anticholinergic

- falsely increases HR

28
Q

Distended large bowel feels like

A

tight toenail band

29
Q

Distended small bowel feels like

A

Bicycle tires

30
Q

Normal Nasogastric reflux

A
  • less than 1 L
  • pleasant smelling
  • watery reflux
31
Q

Abnormal NG reflux

A
  • foul smelling gas
    and/ or
  • greater than 2 L of malodorous, yellow or red liquid/feed
32
Q

When not to give fluids by NG tube

A
  • > 2 L reflux

- concerned about obstruction or ileus

33
Q

Severe neutropenia

A

think rupture or severe toxemia

34
Q

increased GGT with what colic

A

Right dorsal displacement of the large colon

35
Q

Important characteristics of abdominocentesis fluid

A
  • Normal fluid = pale yellow
  • foul fluid = GI rupture
  • serosanguinous color = most rapid indicator of needed Sx
  • patient needs referral if
    - the fluid is turbid with high total solids
    - high lactate
    - high cell count
36
Q

location of abdominocentesis

A

one hand with behind sternum and one hand with to the right

  • to avoid the spleen
37
Q

Evidence of medical colic

A
  • diarrhea or colitis (diarrhea, increased GI sounds, neutropenia)
  • anterior enteritis (reddish-brown NG reflux)
  • fever
  • high fibrinogen
  • impaction palpated
  • mild pain
38
Q

Evidence of Surgical colic

A
  • ** PAIN ** ( non responsive to appropriate analgesia
  • rectal - abnormal, severe distension
  • NG intubation - copious reflux
  • markedly increased lactate
  • abdominocentesis fluid = serosanguinous , markedly increased lactate levels
39
Q

Medical treatment/ pre-meds for Sx tx :

A
  • analgesics (alpha 2 agonists), (partial mu antagonist opioid), (NSAIDs)
  • Spasmolytics ( Buscopan )
  • CRIs ( lidocaine, detomidine )
40
Q

enteral fluid components ( given only if < 2 L NG reflux)

A
  • MgSO4 = osmotic
  • mineral oil ( lubricate ingest )
  • dioctyl sodium succinate (surfactant to reduce gas bubbles)
  • psyllium and mineral oil ( for sand )
41
Q

Colloids MUST be followed with what within 1 hour

A

crystalloids

42
Q

Therapies used during medical management of colic

A
  • repeated NG decompression
  • trocarization
  • withhold feed ( reintroduce slowly after colic is gone, pain meds wore off, and horse is passing manure
43
Q

Prognosis ( large colon displacement )

A

excellent usually

44
Q

Prognosis ( large colon torsion)

A

guarded , worsens with duration

45
Q

Prognosis (small intestinal lesions)

A

guarded, depending on degree of bowel damage

46
Q

complications of colic

A
  • surgical anesthesia - related
  • incisional infections
  • post op ileus
  • peritonitis ( fibrin on necropsy )
  • repeat colic/ adhesions
  • laminitis
  • jugular vein thrombosis
  • pneumonia
47
Q

Tx of left dorsal displacement of the colon ( some )

A
  • phenylephrine

- lunging

48
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis causes :

A
  • proliferative enteropathy

CS - lethargy, inappetence, intermittent diarrhea, weight loss, ventral edema due to marked hypoproteinemia

49
Q

MC age horses get Lawsonia intracellularis :

A

foals 4 - 6 months of age

  • can affect foals from 3- 12 months old though
50
Q

Treatment of Lawsonia intracellularis

A

Tetracyclines

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