Bovine GI Flashcards
Presentation of Pyloric outflow obstruction
- gradual decrease in appetite and milk production
- distended abdomen, scant, loose feces with undigested material
- uncomfortable with high HR
- Urine is alkaloid but has ketones (paradoxic ketonuria)
- Rumen is acidic with high chloride
- hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
What is vagal indigestion ( or obstructive indigestion syndrome)
- an outflow failure at the reticulo-omasal orifice (type 2)
or at the pyloric sphincter of the abomasum (type 3)
MC Cause of outflow failure at the pylorus
- secondary to abomasal volvulus
- abomasal volvulus causes damage to the vagal nerve +/- abomasal wall —> this leads to prevention of normal contraction —> leads to abomasal impaction and THUS ….. outflow failure at the pylorus
Presentation of abomasal impaction from poor quality feedstuffs
- almost identical to outflow failure at the pylorus
what is the cause of increased rumen chloride
obstruction of the abomasum prevents the passage of ingest and gastric acid to the small intestines.
The small intestine is where the (Cl-) of the gastric acid ( HCl ) is reabsorbed and the (H+) is neutralized by (HCO3) from the pancreas.
—> the HCL eventually refluxes back into the rumen
Cause of Hypokalemia in pyloric obstruction
- when Cl- is low in the blood stream due to sequestration , the kidneys need to resorb a negative ion along with Na+
—> so instead of Cl-, it takes HCO3 —> leading to metabolic alkalosis
Blood is alkalotic …. to balance things out, the body’s cells shifts H+ extracellularly —> leading to intracellular shift of K+ ( which is already sequestered in the abomasum as it is ) –> hypokalemia
Cause of paradoxic aciduria
usually K+ is excreted into the urine in exchange for Na+ resorption ….. BUT if the patient is hypokalemia, the kidney needs a replacement .
So instead of K+, the kidney excretes H+ into the urine.
