Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Made up of organs and glands that produce, store, and release hormones

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3
Q

What is the exocrine gland?

A

Releases hormones into a duct to target cells

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4
Q

What is the endocrine gland?

A

Releases hormones directly into the bloodstream

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5
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Located in the brain; master gland

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6
Q

What is the luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

Stimulates ovulation and testosterone in males

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7
Q

What is prolactin?

A

Hormone that causes the breasts to grow and make milk

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8
Q

What is the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Hormone that stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys

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9
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Hormone stimulates the uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk

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10
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland secretes?

A
  • Oxytocin
  • Antidiuretic Hormone
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11
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete?

A

Melatonin - Regulates puberty and biological clock

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12
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T3 and T4 - cellular metabolism

Calcitonin - Increase bone calcium

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13
Q

What does thymus secrete?

A

Thymosin - development of cells in immune system

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14
Q

What does parathyroid gland secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone - Regulates calcium

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15
Q

Where are the adrenal glands?

A

On top of the kidneys

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16
Q

What is cortisol?

A

Regulates carbohydrates

17
Q

What is aldosterone

A

Regulation of electrolytes and fluid volume

18
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

Flight or fight responses

19
Q

What is norepinephrine

A

Vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) that increases blood pressure

20
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Behind stomach and in front of the spine

21
Q

What does the pancrease secrete?

A

Alpha cells (glucagon) -> Increases blood sugar

Beta cells (insulin) -> Lowers blood sugar

22
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

diabetes where body stops making insulin

23
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

diabetes associated with obesity

24
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

25
diabetes mellitus
diabetes associated with elevated blood glucose levels
26
Goiter
Irregular growth of the thyroid gland
27
Gigantism
Results from an excess growth hormone from the pituitary gland
28
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Irregular menstrual periods; elevated hormone levels; cysts on ovaries
29
Hypothyroidism
Underactive thyroid gland; weight gain; slow heart rate; Myxedema (swelling of the skin/underlying tissues)
30
Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)
Autoimmune disorder; excessive thyroid hormone; weight loss, heat tolerance and increased heart rate
31
What does progesterone do?
Prepares the body for pregnancy
32
Cushing's syndrome
High levels of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal glands over time