Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the endocrine system?
Made up of organs and glands that produce, store, and release hormones
What is the exocrine gland?
Releases hormones into a duct to target cells
What is the endocrine gland?
Releases hormones directly into the bloodstream
Where is the pituitary gland located?
Located in the brain; master gland
What is the luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Stimulates ovulation and testosterone in males
What is prolactin?
Hormone that causes the breasts to grow and make milk
What is the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Hormone that stimulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys
What does oxytocin do?
Hormone stimulates the uterine contractions during labor and release of breast milk
What does the posterior pituitary gland secretes?
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic Hormone
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin - Regulates puberty and biological clock
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
T3 and T4 - cellular metabolism
Calcitonin - Increase bone calcium
What does thymus secrete?
Thymosin - development of cells in immune system
What does parathyroid gland secrete?
Parathyroid hormone - Regulates calcium
Where are the adrenal glands?
On top of the kidneys
What is cortisol?
Regulates carbohydrates
What is aldosterone
Regulation of electrolytes and fluid volume
What is epinephrine?
Flight or fight responses
What is norepinephrine
Vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) that increases blood pressure
Where is the pancreas located?
Behind stomach and in front of the spine
What does the pancrease secrete?
Alpha cells (glucagon) -> Increases blood sugar
Beta cells (insulin) -> Lowers blood sugar
Type 1 diabetes
diabetes where body stops making insulin
type 2 diabetes
diabetes associated with obesity
Gestational diabetes
diabetes that occurs during pregnancy
diabetes mellitus
diabetes associated with elevated blood glucose levels
Goiter
Irregular growth of the thyroid gland
Gigantism
Results from an excess growth hormone from the pituitary gland
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Irregular menstrual periods; elevated hormone levels; cysts on ovaries
Hypothyroidism
Underactive thyroid gland; weight gain; slow heart rate; Myxedema (swelling of the skin/underlying tissues)
Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)
Autoimmune disorder; excessive thyroid hormone; weight loss, heat tolerance and increased heart rate
What does progesterone do?
Prepares the body for pregnancy
Cushing’s syndrome
High levels of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal glands over time
