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Medical Assistant > Digestion System > Flashcards

Digestion System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that the body cells can absorb

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

Organs that form a pathway that extends from the mouth to the anus

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3
Q

What is churning?

A

Mixing of substances

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4
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Movement of substances through the esophagus to the stomach

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5
Q

What is the mouth responsible for?

A

Responsible for initiating digestion using chewing and saliva

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6
Q

What is mastication?

A

Means chewing

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7
Q

What does the salivary glands do?

A

Make saliva

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8
Q

Function of the teeth? How many teeth in the mouth?

A

Function is to decrease size of food particles.

32 teeth in mouth; 16 on lower and upper jaw

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9
Q

Function of the pharynx

A

Throat; passageway between oral and esophagus

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10
Q

Function of the esophagus

A

Is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach by way of peristalsis

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11
Q

Function of the stomach

A

receives food from esophagus; continues breaking down food using gastric juices

  • located in upper left quadrant
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12
Q

Function of small intestine

A

Main site of absorption of nutrients

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13
Q

Which sections can be found in the small intestine

A
  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • ileum
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14
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Is also known as the colon

  • responsible for absorption of nutrients
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15
Q

What sections can be found in the large intestine?

A
  • cecum that connects to the ileum
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
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16
Q

Function of the liver

A

Produces bile needed to breakdown fats

  • located upper right quadrant
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17
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Stores bile; connects to duodenum

18
Q

Function of the pancreas

A

Connects to duodenum; produces enzymes that aid in digestion

19
Q

Function of the appendix

A

Serves as reservoir for beneficial bacteria; helps the body to fight disease

20
Q

What are the needed nutrients for the body?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • lipids (fat)
  • vitamins
  • minerals
  • water
21
Q

What does the body do to carbohydrates?

A

Breaks carbohydrates down into glucose

22
Q

What does lipids do?

A

Function as energy; serve as structural components of cell membranes

23
Q

Function of proteins

A

Required for the structure, function, and regulation of body’s tissues and organs

24
Q

Function of vitamins

A

Needed for normal growth and development

25
Q

Function of minerals

A

Needed for keeping bones, muscles, etc to keep working properly
- found in bones and teeth

26
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins? (4 of them)

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin K
27
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin H
  • Vitamin B complex
28
Q

What is appendicitis?

A

inflammation and infection of the appendix

29
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

30
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease leading to scarring of the tissue

31
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach

32
Q

Colitis

A

Inflammation of the large intestine; viral or bacterial

33
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Inflammatory bowel disease; typically affects small intestine

34
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins of rectum or anus

35
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Heartburn; occurs when stomach acid flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach (esophagus)

36
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticula

37
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Diverticula without inflammation

38
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Portion of stomach protrudes into the chest

39
Q

Stomach ulcer

A

Painful sores in the stomach lining; caused by bacterial infections, smoking, medications

40
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

41
Q

What is rugae?

A

Gastric folds

Medical Assistant (27 decks)

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