Embryos - Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior limit of the perineum

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Anatomical borders of the perineum

A

Anterior - pubic symphysis

Lateral - ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligament

Inferior - tip of coccyx

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3
Q

Surface borders of the perineum

A

Anterior - mons pubis

Lateral - medial surface of thigh

Inferior - intergluteal cleft

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4
Q

Where is the perineal body found

A

It is the central tendon of the perineum

A thickened, midline condensation of fibrous tissue

Located between vagina and anus in females and between urethra and anus in males

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5
Q

Where is the coccygeal body found

A

A midline condensation of fascia between coccyx and anus

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6
Q

Coronal section at the level of inferior rectum

A
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7
Q

Urogenital triangle

  • fascia
  • divisions
A

Divided into 2 pouches, sandwiched between 3 fascial layers

3 fasciae fuse posteriorly to merge with perineal body

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8
Q

What does the deep perineal pouch communicate with

A

It is completely closed

Does not communicate with other perineal or pelvic spaces

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9
Q

What attaches to the undersurface of the deep perineal pouch

A

External genitalia - attaches to the perineal membrane, inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

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10
Q

What muscular components completely fill the pouch

A
  • Deep transverse perineal muscle (skeletal muscle sphincter - skeletal muscle control)
  • Urethrovaginal sphincter in females - urethra and vagina - also midline organ of vagina - urethrovaginal sphincter
  • Sphincter urethrae (in males)
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11
Q

What are the other contents of the UG diaphragm/deep perineal pouch

A
  • Branches of the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels, which run along the lateral walls
  • In females, it is pierced by the urethra and vagina
  • In males, contains bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands
  • In males, it is pierced by the membranous urethra
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12
Q

Where is the superficial perineal pouch enclosed between

What are the surrounding structures

A

The perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia

Continuous anterosuperiorly with superficial abdominal wall

Limited laterally by superficial perineal fascia to ischiopubic rami

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13
Q

Where is the superficial perineal pouch in males

A

The pouch surrounds the penis and scrotum

Superficial compartment is continuous with the tissue space of the anterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

Where is the superficial pernieal pouch in females

A

Split by the vestibule and confined to each side of labia majora

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15
Q

Contents of the erectile cavernous masses (of the superficial pernieal pouch)

A

Corpus spongiosum

2 corpora cavernosa

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16
Q

Superficial perineal muscles

A

Superficial transverse perineal

Bulbospongiosus *

Ischiocavernosus *

* position the penis for intercourse

17
Q

What other structures pass through the superficial perineal pouch

A

Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels

18
Q

What does the superficial perineal pouch contain in males

A

Contents of scrotum and spongy urethra

19
Q

What does the superficial perineal pouch contain in females

A

Vestibule of the vagina

greater vestibular glands

urethra

Paraurethral glands

20
Q

Muscles of perineum

A
21
Q

Coronal view of the perineum in males

A
22
Q

Axial view of the perineum in females

A
23
Q

Axial view of perineum in females

How is the clitoris formed

A

Fusion of corpus cavernosa

24
Q

Axial view of perineum

A
25
Q

Coronal view of vagina 1

A
26
Q

Coronal view of vagina 2

A
27
Q

What does female external genitalia consist of

A

VULVA

  • Vestibule
  • Labia minora
  • Labia majora
  • Paraurethral glands
  • Clitoris
  • Lesser and greater vestibular glands
28
Q

Male external genitalia

A
29
Q

Columns of erectile tissue in males

A

2 corpra cavernosa

30
Q

Change in cervix when a woman has had a baby

A

More slit like in women who have given birth to children

31
Q

Name the diagnostic test that detects pathologies of the cervix, vagina and vulva

A

Colposcopy

32
Q

Innervation and blood supply to region?

A