Embryos - Perineum Flashcards
What is the superior limit of the perineum
Pelvic diaphragm
Anatomical borders of the perineum
Anterior - pubic symphysis
Lateral - ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligament
Inferior - tip of coccyx
Surface borders of the perineum
Anterior - mons pubis
Lateral - medial surface of thigh
Inferior - intergluteal cleft
Where is the perineal body found
It is the central tendon of the perineum
A thickened, midline condensation of fibrous tissue
Located between vagina and anus in females and between urethra and anus in males
Where is the coccygeal body found
A midline condensation of fascia between coccyx and anus
Coronal section at the level of inferior rectum
Urogenital triangle
- fascia
- divisions
Divided into 2 pouches, sandwiched between 3 fascial layers
3 fasciae fuse posteriorly to merge with perineal body
What does the deep perineal pouch communicate with
It is completely closed
Does not communicate with other perineal or pelvic spaces
What attaches to the undersurface of the deep perineal pouch
External genitalia - attaches to the perineal membrane, inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
What muscular components completely fill the pouch
- Deep transverse perineal muscle (skeletal muscle sphincter - skeletal muscle control)
- Urethrovaginal sphincter in females - urethra and vagina - also midline organ of vagina - urethrovaginal sphincter
- Sphincter urethrae (in males)
What are the other contents of the UG diaphragm/deep perineal pouch
- Branches of the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels, which run along the lateral walls
- In females, it is pierced by the urethra and vagina
- In males, contains bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands
- In males, it is pierced by the membranous urethra
Where is the superficial perineal pouch enclosed between
What are the surrounding structures
The perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia
Continuous anterosuperiorly with superficial abdominal wall
Limited laterally by superficial perineal fascia to ischiopubic rami
Where is the superficial perineal pouch in males
The pouch surrounds the penis and scrotum
Superficial compartment is continuous with the tissue space of the anterior abdominal wall
Where is the superficial pernieal pouch in females
Split by the vestibule and confined to each side of labia majora
Contents of the erectile cavernous masses (of the superficial pernieal pouch)
Corpus spongiosum
2 corpora cavernosa
Superficial perineal muscles
Superficial transverse perineal
Bulbospongiosus *
Ischiocavernosus *
* position the penis for intercourse
What other structures pass through the superficial perineal pouch
Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels
What does the superficial perineal pouch contain in males
Contents of scrotum and spongy urethra
What does the superficial perineal pouch contain in females
Vestibule of the vagina
greater vestibular glands
urethra
Paraurethral glands
Muscles of perineum
Coronal view of the perineum in males
Axial view of the perineum in females
Axial view of perineum in females
How is the clitoris formed
Fusion of corpus cavernosa
Axial view of perineum
Coronal view of vagina 1
Coronal view of vagina 2
What does female external genitalia consist of
VULVA
- Vestibule
- Labia minora
- Labia majora
- Paraurethral glands
- Clitoris
- Lesser and greater vestibular glands
Male external genitalia
Columns of erectile tissue in males
2 corpra cavernosa
Change in cervix when a woman has had a baby
More slit like in women who have given birth to children
Name the diagnostic test that detects pathologies of the cervix, vagina and vulva
Colposcopy
Innervation and blood supply to region?
