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Anatomy > E4 Ch. 20 > Flashcards

E4 Ch. 20 Flashcards

1
Q

list the 3 major types of blood vessels

A

arteries, capillaries, and veins

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2
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from heart

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3
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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4
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels

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5
Q

venules

A

receive blood from capillaries

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6
Q

veins

A

receive blood from venules

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7
Q

name the 3 tunics that comprise blood vessels

A

tunic intima, tunica, media, and tunica externa

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8
Q

what is the tunic intima made up of

A

contains endothelium and subendothelial layer

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9
Q

purpose of the tunica media

A

sheets of smooth muscle, responsible for contraction (vasoconstriction) and relaxation (vasodilation)

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10
Q

lumen

A

central blood-filled space of a vessel

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11
Q

what are the different types of arteries

A

elastic, muscular (distributing), and arterioles,

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12
Q

describe elastic arteries

A

largest, diameter 2.5-1 cm, sometimes called conducting arteries

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13
Q

what structures are elastic arteries

A

aorta and its major branches

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14
Q

function of elastic arteries

A

high elastin content dampens surge of blood pressure

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15
Q

describe some features of muscular arteries

A

lies distal to elastic arteries, diameter 1cm- 0.3mm, thick tunica media, has internal and external elastic laminae

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16
Q

what are some features of arterioles

A

smallest arteries, dameter 0.3mm -10um, possess all 3 tunics,

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17
Q

what controls the diameter of arterioles

A

local factors in tissues, sympathetic NS

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18
Q

what is the site specific function of capillaries in the lungs

A

oxygen enters blood, carbon dioxide leaves

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19
Q

what is the site specific function of capillaries in the small intestines

A

receive digested nutrients

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20
Q

what is the site specific function of capillaries in the endocrine glands

A

pick up hormones

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21
Q

what is the site specific function of capillaries in the kidneys

A

remove of nitrogenous wastes

22
Q

intercellular clefts

A

gaps of unjoined membranes, allow small molecules in and out of capillaries

23
Q

what is the most common type of capillary

A

continuous capillaries, occur in most organs, least permeable

24
Q

describe fenestrated capillaries

A

joined by tight junctions and desmosomes, have pores in endothelium

25
Q

where do fenestrated capillaries mostly occur

A

areas where high rates of exchange occur; intestines, glomeruli of kidneys, and endocrine glands

26
Q

list the different types of capillaries

A

continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoids

27
Q

describe sinusoid capillaries

A

wide, leaky found in some organs, usually fenestrated, intercellular clefts wide open

28
Q

where do sinusoid capillaries typically occur

A

bone marrow, and spleen

29
Q

what are the 4 different routes in and out of capillaries (permeability)

A

direct diffusion, though intercellular clefts, cytoplasmic vesicles, and fenestrations

30
Q

what is an example of low-permeability capillaries

A

blood brain barrier; have complete tight junctions, only vial molecules pas through

31
Q

what molecules can pass though the blood brain barrier

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and some anesthetics

32
Q

function of pre-capillary sphincters

A

regulate the flow of blood to tissue

33
Q

what are capillary beds

A

network of capillaries running though tissues regulated by pre-capillary sphincters

34
Q

describe venules

A

smallest veins, 8-10um, join to form veins

35
Q

what are postcapillary venules

A

smallest venules

36
Q

what are some differences found in veins when compared to arteries

A

larger lumen, thicker tunica externa, thinner walls w/ less elastin

37
Q

what is the skeletal muscle pump

A

muscles press against thin-walled veins

38
Q

vascular anastomoses

A

vessels interconnect to form this, organs receive blood from more than one arterial source

39
Q

arterial astomoses

A

neighboring arteries from this, provide collateral channels

40
Q

describe the systemic circulation

A

systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood away from heart to rest of body

41
Q

what region of the vertebrae does the thoracic aorta lie

A

region of T5-T12

42
Q

what region of the vertebrae does the abdominal aorta lie

A

ends ends at L4 right below the thoracic aorta

43
Q

name the paired arteries that supply the head and neck

A

carotid arteries

44
Q

what does the subclavian arteries branch into

A

vertebral arteries, thyrocervical trunk, and costocervical trunk

45
Q

the superior and inferior vena cava returns blood from which regions of the body

A

superior vc- from body regions superior to diaphragm

inferior vc- returns blood from body region inferior to diaphragm

46
Q

name the types of dural sinuses

A

straight, transverse, and sigmoid sinuses

47
Q

describe the hepatic portal system

A

part of vascular circuit, picks up digested nutrients, delivers to liver for processing

48
Q

where are the capillary beds of the hepatic portal system located

A 
1st= stomach and intestines
2nd= liver sinusoids
49
Q

name the veins associated w/ the hepatic portal system

A

superior/inferior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

50
Q

what is portal systemic anastomoses

A

scarring and degeneration of liver

51
Q

what is the cause and effects portal systemic anastomoses

A

leads to blockage of liver sinusoids which raises BP (portal hypertension), which leads to emergency anastomoses for portal blood

52
Q

in the umbilical umbilical cord of a fetus which umbilical vessels are paired and unpaired

A

paired umbilical arteries, unpaired umbilical vein

Anatomy (20 decks)

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